Information Resources

Useful Articles and Publications*

This compilation a description of selected publications on urbanisation and human settlements issues available in some resource centres in Asia. The resource centre where the publication is available for reference is indicated in abbreviated form after each bibliographic entry. The present collection has been scanned from Asia Pacific 2000 - Kuala Lumpur, the Asian Coalition for Housing Rights (ACHR) - Bangkok, the Asian Institute of Technology (AIT) - Bangkok, Centre for Holistic Studies (CHS) - Bombay, CityNet - Yokohama, Japan, Human Settlement Unit of the Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (HSU-ESCAP)-Bangkok, Lumanti - Support Group for Shelter - Kathmandu, Nepal, SEVANATHA - Urban Resource Centre - Colombo, Sri Lanka, UN-ESCAP Library - Bangkok, UNDP library - Kuala Lumpur, WASTEWISE - Bangalore, and YUVA Bombay.

The entries are classified under the following topics:

1. Urban issues,

2. Water and Sanitation,

3. Human Settlements and Housing,

4. Slums and Squatter Settlements, and

5. Community Participation.

Each entry provides the following information: author, title, editor (ed.), compiler (comp.), series title, place of publication, publisher, date of publication (n.d. for not dated), and number of pages (var.pag. indicates various pagination, where pages are numbered separately under sections), followed by a brief synopsis of the publication. It also includes, where possible, the address from where the publication can be obtained.

This bibliography is by no means exhaustive. Entries have been selected for their relevance to the activities of the Urban Resource Centres in Asia. Care has been taken to include recent publications, from 1990 to 1997. However some entries dating back to the 1980s, have been included because they are considered important and useful.

Urban Issues

Abdullah, Pura, comp. Asian Megacities: basic facts and figures. Mimeograph. Kuala Lumpur: Urban Management Programme for Asia and Pacific, 1996. 27p. (AP 2000/YUVA)

Contains information on thirteen Asian megacities: Dhaka in Bangladesh, Beijing and Shanghai in China, Mumbai/Bombay, Calcutta, Madras and New Delhi in India, Jakarta in Indonesia, Tokyo in Japan, Seoul in Korea, Karachi in Pakistan, Manila in the Philippines, and Bangkok in Thailand. Information includes statistics on land area, land use, population, employment, housing, poverty, economy, water, sanitation, transportation, and crime. Available from: UNDP/UMPAP, PO Box 12544, 50782 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

Action for Better Cities. Kit. Kuala Lumpur: Asia Pacific 2000, 1997. Var.pag. (AP2000)

This publication is the outcome of a workshop "Moving Forward Towards Our Sustainable Cities" sponsored by Asia Pacific 2000-UNDP, LOCOA, and CO-TRAIN and held at Tagaytay, Philippines, Apr.22-26, 1997. It contains the following: *Situational Analysis of urbanisation in South East Asia, *Action for Better Cities: ten roads to sustainable cities and communities, *Plan of Action for Better Cities, and *Directory of Participants. Available from: Asia Pacific 2000, PO Box 12544, 50782, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

Ambrose, Peter. Urban Process and Power. London/New York: Routledge, 1994. 245p. (AIT)

This book explains the processes fashioning the built environment and shows how they reflect the dominant social and political values and the economic circumstances in which they are taking place. It focuses on recent changes in the control of environment-shaping processes and the ideology that has brought about these changes. The author argues that the growth of urban inequalities and the misuse of resources is taking place in the context of an accelerating process of de-democratisation and erosion of accountability to users. Available from: Routledge, 11 New Fetter Lane, London EC4PEE, United Kingdom, or 29 West 35th Street, New York, NY10001, USA.

Angotti, Thomas. Metropolis 2000: planning poverty and politics. London/New York: Routledge, 1993. 276p. (AIT)

It analyses metropolitan development and planning under different economic and environmental conditions of the world's regions. Attempts to achieve physical integration of cities without economic equality have failed. The author, in this study, proposes the principle of `integrated diversity' which emphasises linking neighbourhood planning with a broader vision of an integrated metropolis. Applying a political economy approach, the author argues for a new pro-urban, ecologically sound thinking. Chapters focus on the dominant regimes of urbanisation and models of planning in North America, Europe, the former Soviet Union and the developing nations of the South. He argues that only when the metropolis is understood as a necessary and beneficial accompaniment to social progress can a progressive, humane approach to city planning be developed. Available from: Routledge, 11 New Fetter Lane, London EC4PEE, United Kingdom, or 29 West 35th Street, New York, NY10001, USA.

Ashton, John, ed. Healthy Cities. Milton Keynes: Open University Press, 1992, 235p. (AP2000)

This book introduces the Healthy Cities Project initiated by the World Health Organization. The Project involves several hundred cities around the world, that have adopted a programme intended to produce policies for a better environment and improvements in lifestyles and public health. The book describes the objectives of the Project and, using case studies, examines its performances and effects in improving housing, work, recreation, education, environment and transport in cities around the world. Available from: Open University Press, Milton Keynes, USA.

"Asia's Best Cities: The Top 40 as Places to Live", Asiaweek, December 5, 1997. pp. 38-55. (AP2000)

Asiaweek ranks the top 40 cities to live in this region following its survey which was based on 24 statistical indicators that carried different weightings which include average life expect ancy, sulfur dioxide in the air (ppm), ratio of housing price to income, sq meter of parks and field per capita, vechicles per km city road, annual urban inflation rate, percentage of population with sewerage, percentage of population with piped water, and criminal cases for every 10,000 persons.

Baken, Robert-Jan and Jan van der Linden. Land Delivery for Low-Income Groups in Third World Cities. Aldershot: Avebury, 1992. 112p. (AP2000)

This study is a review of literature on land with individual chapters dealing with specific subjects such as land, land markets and land prices, land delivery systems catering to the urban poor, role of governments, and a case study on land policy in India. It includes the new urban policy agenda of the World Bank and its implications in terms of land and housing policy. Available from: Ashgate Publishing Group, Grower House, Croft Road, Aldershot, Hamshire GU11 3HR, England. United Kingdom.

Beall, Jo. Urban Governance: why gender matters. New York: United Nations Development Programme, 1996. 27p. (UNDP,KL)

Deals with the themes of participation and partnership in urban governance, a concept which refers to both government responsibility and civic engagement. It is informed by the premise that participation in political or organisational processes in the city is related to command over resources of the city. This paper looks at gender issues in participation, responsible urban government and civic engagement which are important themes in the Habitat Agenda. The paper also explores the difficulties associated with incorporating a gender perspective into urban policy-making and planning processes and challenges facing women working to promote gender interests in urban practice from different institutional locations. Available from: UNDP - Gender in Development Programme, One United Nations Plaza, New York, NY 10017, USA.

"The Best Cities in Asia", Asiaweek, October 25, 1996. pp. 32-51. (AP2000)

Asiaweek ranks the region's 40 most liveable cities following its liveability survey of 40 of the region's most important urban centres. The article includes top ten profiles of the best places to live and work, and contains statistics.

Borja, Jordi and Manuel Castells. The Local & Global: Management of Cities in the Information Age. London: Earthscan Publications Ltd, 1997. 277p. (AP2000).

Written by two of the world's most highly respected urbanists, the book challenges the current orthodoxy on the future development of cities, using a wealth of case study material and closely-argued analysis. The authors argue that we are witnessing the rebirth of global cities as networks of connectivity. urban environments are being restructured around new principles of industrial and technological space. In order to perform as effective political entities, cities are developing flexible management mechanisms which allow them to adapt the emergent international economic system - a case of `think locally, act globally'. At the same time, old community structures are being discarded, sometimes resulting in regional disparities and marked social segregation in metropolitan areas. In order for the indigenous urban population to adapt to such economic and social upheaval, the authors argue that it is crucial to involve both citizens and NGOs in the collective development programme, allowing strategic plans to be rooted in the consensus of the diverse groupings of the urban area. They also contend that unless a dynamic and creative relationship between the local and the global is established, the gathering social and environmental problems of urbanisation will prove to be unmanageable.

Boyden, Jo and Pat Holden. Children of the Cities. London/New Jersey: Zed Books, 1991. 152p. (AP2000)

It explores evidence from a range of countries about the circumstances of young people in cities and discusses some of the major issues of child and youth welfare. It also examines the trends in social planning in relation to the urban young and suggests the introduction, where appropriate, of new, innovative policy and progressive responses to the problems of young people. Available from: Zed Books, 57 Caledonian Road, London N19BU, United Kingdom, or 165 First Avenue, Atlantic Highlands, New Jersey 07716, USA.

Buch, M.N. Environmental Consciousness and Urban Planning. Tracts for the Times Series - 2. New Delhi: Orient Longman, 1993. 81p. (SEVANATHA)

The book aims to bring about awareness of the human and environmental implications of development strategies. The author questions the standards through which we measure societal development and discusses the urbanisation issue in India within the global context. The author makes a critique of existing systems of urban planning in India, and argues for an alternative planning approach that would be more functionally viable and environmentally compatible. Available from: Orient Longman Limited, 1/24 Asaf Ali Road, New Delhi -110 002, India.

Buendia, Hernando Gomez, ed. Urban Crime: global trends and policies. Tokyo: United Nations University, 1989. 450p. (AP2000)

The book presents case studies of eight cities _ Bangkok, Bogota, Lagos, Nairobi, San Jose, Singapore, Tokyo and Warsaw - representing a broad range of regional differences, differences in cultural and legal traditions, in political and socio-economic systems, and in levels of criminal incidence. For each, a detailed analysis of crime trends, policy measures that appear to be most successful in ordinary crime prevention and control, function of criminal justice systems and the situation of juvenile delinquency is presented. Available from: United Nations University, 53-70, Jingumae 5-chome, Shi buya-ku, Tokyo 150, Japan.

Cities & Citizens: The AP2000 Experience. Metro-Manila: Inter Press Service-Asia Pacific, 1997. 66p. (AP2000)

This book documented the experiences of the various activities and initiatives supported by Asia Pacific 2000, an initiative of the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) to strengthen the effort and work of civil society on urbanisation issues. The book was put together by the Inter Press Service (IPS) - Asia Pacific team, and they captured this new "Asian Drama" of merciless urbanisation, its consequences and the often courages and creative activities of community organisations. The book also gives insights on how this particular UN pro gramme had generated new ideas, launched new initiatives and, most importantly, created a highly conducive climate for working together, sharing and supporting. Available from Asia Pacific 2000, P. O. Box 12544, 50782 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

Costa, Frank J. et al. Asian Urbanization: problems and processes. Berlin: Gebrudr Borntraeger, 1988. 165p. (AIT) Costa, Frank J. et al, eds. Urbanization in Asia: spatial dimensions and policy issues. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1989. 412 pp. (AIT)

These two volumes contain studies presented at the First International Conference on Asian Urbanization held at the University of Akron, Ohio (USA) in April 1985. The second volume contains 19 studies selected for inclusion in this volume because of their broad spatial dimensions or their implications for urban policy development. They cover the spectrum from macro-level national views to regional studies to micro-level case studies of individual cities. Available from: University of Hawaii, 874 Dillingham Blvd., Honolulu, Hawaii.

Dawe, Gerald, ed. The Urban Environment: A sourcebook for the 1990s. Birmingham: Centre for Urban Ecology, 1990. 636p. (AIT)

This publication draws together vast amounts of research from the 1980s in the form of 1768 cross-referenced abstracts, derived from a systematic search of around forty periodicals . The major topics covered are: climate and pollution, wildlife and nature, planning and urban environment, urban forestry, landscape design, environmental policy in urban areas, studies of urban ecosystem, and information about 900 towns and cities. Available from: Centre for Urban Environment, Birmingham Settlement, 318 Summer Lane, Birmingham B193RL, United Kingdom.

de Silva, M.V. Amarasiri and K.A. Jayaratne, eds. Proceedings of the Consultative Meeting on Participatory Research in Urban Asia, April 95. Colombo: Sevanatha, 1995. 78p. (ACHR/SEVANATHA)

This report presents the proceedings of the consultative meeting on participatory action, learning and extension process in Urban Asia held in Colombo, Sri Lanka. It includes papers presented at the meeting, case studies of peoples' experiences and recommendations of ACHR/Training Advisory Programme. Available from: SEVANATHA - Urban Resource Centre, 220/3, Nawala Road, Rajagiriya, Sri Lanka.

Directory of NGOs for Migrants in Asia. Second edition. Quezon City: Scalabrini Migration Center, 1997. 216p. (AP2000)

Includes non-government organisations working on the issue of migrants in Asia - Bangladesh, Hong Kong, India, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, Republic of Korea, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, and Thailand. It also contains an index of the services offered. Available from: The Scalabrini Migration Center, 4, 13th Street, New Manila, Quezon City, Philippines.

Douglass, Mike, Yok-Shiu F.Lee and Kem Lowry. Introduction to the Special Issue on Community Based Urban Environmental Management in Asia. Asian Journal of Environmental Management. Vol. 2 (1) May 1994. pp.vii-xiv. (SEVANATHA)

This special issue draws on papers presented at the Second International Workshop on Community-Based Environmental Management, Hong Kong, Sept. 6-10, 1993. Papers deal with case studies of Bangkok, Bombay, Hong Kong, and Seoul. The project initiated in 1991 is concerned with improving the capacity of environmental management in low-income urban communities in Asia.

Elkin, Tim, Duncan McLaren and Mayer Hillman. Reviving the City: towards sustainable urban development. London: Friends of the Earth/Policy Studies Institute, 1991. 278p. (AIT)

This report deals with urban development in the developed countries. It is divided into two sections. The first discusses topics related to sustainable urban development: built environment, transport, energy, natural environment, food and agriculture, waste and pollution. The second section discusses broader issues relating to the socio-economic problems and organisation of cities, a summary of the importance of resource economy in sustainable urban development, and a discussion of parallel policy issues of equity and of equality of life in terms of the ways in which they can be promoted through sustainable development. It also outlines the roles of different sectors in making practical progress towards sustainability. Available from: Friends of the Earth, 26-28 Underwood Street, London N17JQ, United Kingdom.

Environmental Planning and Management Source Book. Vol.1 _ Implementing the Urban Environment Agenda. Nairobi: UNCHS/UNEP, 1997. 108p. (YUVA)

This volume synthesises and analyses the practical experiences of cities and programmes in urban environmental planning and management. Brief case studies drawn from practical lessons of 150 experiences illustrate the steps in the EPM process. These are referenced with names and contact addresses. Vol. 2 - City Experiences and International Support, contains 33 case study abstracts, descriptions of 22 international support programmes, and the 1996 Istanbul Manifesto. Vol. 3 - The Urban Environment Forum Directory contains full contact addresses, telephone numbers, fax numbers of the Urban Environmental Forum, organised by city, programme and organisation. Available from: UNCHS (Habitat), P. O. Box 30030, Nairobi, Kenya.

ESCAP. Development of Urban Transport: the case for balanced transport development in Asian cities. New York: United Nations, 1996. 35p. (HSU-ESCAP)

This document suggests ways of reducing demand for urban transport through land-use planning and restraining the use of private cars, but balancing this restraint with improved bus services and metropolitan railway systems. It discusses the contribution of road traffic to environmental problems, both locally and globally, and the urgent need to modify travel habits is highlighted. Available from: Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific, Publications Division , United Nations Building, Rajadamnern Avenue, Bangkok 10200, Thailand.

ESCAP. Living in Asian Cities: the impending crisis, _ causes, consequences and alternatives for the future. Report of the Second Asia-Pacific Urban Forum. New York: United Nations, 1996. 186p. (HSU- ESCAP)

This report includes four papers presented at the Asia-Pacific Urban Forum. Paper I - historical perspective and major trends, Paper II - the need for a new approach to policy, Paper III - the present urban dilemma: macro imperatives versus micro needs, Paper IV - the new urban contract: institutional change and finally the report of the Urban Forum. It includes 12 specific issues which were drawn from the discussion papers as subjects for "focus group discussions". This resulted in a total of 14 group discussions that are summarised in the second part of this document. It also contains summarised texts of the four sub-regional urban forums which examine urban issues in a sub-regional context. This report is a reflection of current debates on issues raised by the dramatic changes that rapid urbanisation has brought to bear on the citizens in the Asian and Pacific region. Available from: Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific, Publications Division , United Nations Building, Rajadamnern Avenue, Bangkok 10200, Thailand.

ESCAP. Regional Action Plan on Urbanization and Bangkok Declaration on Sustainable Urban Development and Management in Asia and Pacific. New York, United Nations, 1994. 34p. (YUVA)

The Ministerial Conference on Urbanization in Asia and the Pacific was convened in Bangkok, Thailand, Oct. 27- Nov. 2, 1993. It endorsed the Regional Action Plan and adopted the Bangkok Declaration The Action Plan and the Declaration were reviewed and accepted by representatives of local authorities, non-governmental organisations, human settlements research and training institutes and the media at the Ministerial Conference. Available from: United Nations Publications Sales and Marketing Section, Room DC2-0853, New York, NY 10017, USA.

ESCAP. State of Urbanization in Asia and the Pacific - 1993. New York: United Nations, 1993. Var. pag. (HSU-ESCAP)

This report provides a comprehensive picture of the urbanisation process, the present trends and complexities, the problems brought about by it and its multi-sectoral nature. It also provides an analytical review of urbanisation policies implemented by countries in the ESCAP region, identifies the problems associated with urbanisation, and records successful cases where important urban issues have been adequately addressed. The chapters, containing detailed statistics, include: urbanisation trends, patterns and impacts, urban economy and national productivity, urban poverty and policy alternatives, urban environment - an agenda for urban research and towards a sustainable future. Available from: Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific, Publications Division , United Nations Building, Rajadamnern Avenue, Bangkok 10200, Thailand.

Fazal, Anwar and Sri Husnaini Sofjan, comps. Network for Urban Action: a guide on the who, what, and where on urban management in Asia and the Pacific. Kuala Lumpur: UMPAP/UNDP, 1997. 36p. (AP2000/UNDP)

This guide lists major global and regional initiatives that are involved in urbanisation and housing issues. The publication serves as an interactive tool to strengthen groups and their work and make necessary linkages between groups in the region. It contains names of groups, networks and initiatives, a brief description of their work, contact persons and addresses. Available from: Urban Management Programme for Asia and the Pacific, PO Box 12544, 50782 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

Flyen, Cecilie and Clementine M.Thore. Historic City Core of Kathmandu - Changes and Upgrading of Public Areas. M.Sc Thesis in town and regional planning. Oslo: University of Trondheim, 1990. 340p. (Lumanti)

This monograph examines the main challenge for all inner city cores to maintain and upgrade the historical city core of Kathmandu in Nepal. The study seeks ways to maintain both traditional use and needs, and to meet basic and modern needs of outdoor public and private areas. It also looks at how to ensure a self-sustainable upgrading of the overall physical standard and functioning. The thesis identifies different typologies of urban structure, including built-up areas private and public space. It looks at the urban development of Nepal in historic periods and of Kathmandu, past and present, and traditional Newari culture; and contains case studies of streets, water supply system, courtyards, and stone ghats.

Franceys, Richard and Andrew Cotton. Services for Urban Poor: a select bibliography. London: Intermediary Technology Publications and Water, Engineering and Development Centre (WEDC), 1993. 89p. (SEVANATHA)

This bibliography details sources of information on infrastructure for appropriate low-income settlements. The focus of the references is on the provision of site-level infrastructure for sites and services schemes, slum improvement programmes, and urban area upgrading programmes. The subjects covered are infrastructure planning, site preparation, drainage, roads and access, water supply, power supply, sanitation and solid waste management. Available from: Intermediary Publications: 103/105 Southampton Row, London WC1B 4HH, United Kingdom, or WEDC, Loughborough University of Technology, Lecestershire LE113TU, United Kingdom.

From Want to Work: job creation for the urban poor. Geneva: International Labour Office, 1993. 56p. (SEVANATHA)

This publication looks at urban environment from the perspective based on the need to draw attention to the informal sector. It calls for the need to develop methods and techniques where the informal sector can be brought more effectively into the economic mainstream and to contribute to the national development efforts. One such technique is the application of labour-intensive participatory methods in the construction industry, especially public works. This publication is intended to be a practical guide for local municipal officials, non-governmental and community-based organisations, and external support agencies who assist them. It is based largely on work carried out by the UNDP-financed project "Employment Promotion in Urban Work Programmes through the Efficient Use of Local Resources". Available from: ILO, CH 1211 Geneva 22, Switzerland.

Gaye, Mallick. Entrepreneurial Cities: public services at the grassroots. Occasional Papers No. 184-185. Dakar: ENDA, 1996.164p. (YUVA)

This book shows how urban public services are no longer simply being produced by architects, town planners and administrators, but by a host of new actors coming from all sectors of the city. It shows how a new urban culture where spontaneous grassroots collective action is changing partnerships and poli tics. It also shows how the popular urban imagination is producing a new type of co-operative spirit, one which is concrete, dynamic and enterprising. It includes a case study of ENDA's experience in setting up new partnerships between municipal authorities, non-governmental organisations and community-based organisations. Available from: ENDA, P.O.Box 3370, Dakar, Senegal.

Getubig, I., J. Remenyi and B.Quinones, eds. Creating the Vision: Microfinancing the Poor in Asia-Pacific - issues, constraints and capacity-building. Kuala Lumpur: Asian and Pacific Development Centre, 1997. 127p. (AP2000/YUVA)

Increasing numbers of microfinance institutions are providing microfinance services through credit for income-generating activities, but large majority of them are small, undercapitalised, and financially unsustainable. They also lack the level of commitment and support by governments, development organisations and financial institutions required to enable them to reach large numbers of poor people. Creating the Vision, a monograph prepared for the Microcredit Summit in Washington, D.C. in February 1997, is about reaching out to poor people, especially women, so they can access microfinancial services in a way that is sustainable and financially viable. Available from: APDC, Pesiaran Duta, P.O.Box 12224, 50770 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

Gilbert, Alan and Josef Gugler. Cities, Poverty, and Development: urbanization in the Third World. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1992. 331p. (AIT)

Presents a comprehensive account of Third World urbanisation, spanning three continents, Asia, Africa and Latin America. It discusses the evolution of Third World cities as part of the world system, the nature of urban and regional disparities within countries, the causes and patterns of rural-urban migration, the structure of urban labour markets and the lack of productive employment, urban housing market, and popular responses to it. Discussion include urban ways of life, the adaptation of migrants, patterns of political conflict and current issues in urban and regional planning. Available from: Oxford University Press, Walton Street, Oxford OX26DP, United Kingdom.

Gugler, Josef, ed. The Urbanization of the Third World. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1990. 421p. (AIT)

Contains 21 studies which explore seven aspects of urbanisation - the distinctive characteristics of rapid urban growth in the Third World, the relationship between the urban and the rural sector, rural-urban migration as it relates to the urban labour market, the housing question, survival strategies in the city, forms of integration and social control, and the politics played out in the urban arena. Available from: Oxford University Press, Walton Street, Oxford OX2 6DP, United Kingdom.

Hall, Nicholas, Rob Hart and Diana Mitlin. The Urban Opportunity: the work of NGOs in cities of the South. London: Intermediate Technology, 1996. 128p. (AP2000)

Details work of the following NGOS in cities of the South: Agency for Cooperation and Research in Development, Appropriate Health Resources & Technologies Action Group (AHRTAG), HelpAge International, Intermediate Technology, Homeless International, International Cooperation for Development, International Institute for Environment and Development, Oxfam-UK & Ireland, and WaterAid. Available from: Intermediate Technology Publications, 103/105 Southampton Row, London WC1B 4HH, United Kingdom.

Harris, Nigel, ed. Cities in the 1990s: the challenge for developing countries. London: University College London, 1992. 232p. (AIT)

Contains highlights from a workshop organised for representatives of international aid agencies and governments in developing countries to consider the new urban policy statements of the World Bank, the United Nations Development Programme and the United Nations Centre for Human Settlements in November 1991. The chapters include: urban development strategies in urban management, national urban development policies and strategies, and productivity and poverty in the cities. Available from: Development Planning Unit, University College, 9 Endsleigh Gardens, London WC1HOED, United Kingdom.

Harris, Nigel. Urbanization, Economic Development and Policy in Developing Countries. Working Paper No. 19. London: University College London, 1990. 44p. (AIT)

The paper provides an account of the economic significance of urbanisation, cities in the process of economic development to understand the demographic transition in predominantly urban societies. It examines the strength of the correlation between the size and growth of the urban population and the level and rate of change in national output. It discusses why the correlation exists, and the effects of economic development in creating patterns of territorial specialisation, between urban and rural, between countries, and in metropolitan areas. It also discusses trends in world economy, examines population distribution in developing countries, urbanisation and growth of cities and enumerates some of the resulting policy problems. Available from: Development Planning Unit, University College, 9 Endsleigh Gardens, London WC1HOED, United Kingdom.

Hurley, Donnacadh et al. Income Generation Schemes for the Urban Poor. Development Guidelines, No.4. Oxford: OXFAM, 1990. 136p. (AIT)

This book examines the reasons for the failure or success of urban income-generation schemes. It emphasises the importance of poor people themselves setting objectives and priorities, and gives special attention to the problems faced by poor urban women. The relationship between social and economic development is discussed, and income generation is considered in the context of other strategies for poverty alleviation. The book stresses the need for a market-oriented approach and gives practical advice on developing effective business methods and organisation. The different ways in which agencies can facilitate income generation are covered in detail. Available from: OXFAM, 274 Banbury Road, Oxford OX2 7DZ, United Kingdom.

Integrated Urban Infrastructure Development in Asia, 1996. New Delhi: Urban Management Programme/HSMI/IHSP, 1996. Var. pag. (AP2000)

This is a compilation of seminar papers and recommendations of the International Seminar on Integrated Urban Infrastructure Development in Asia, organised by the Human Settlement Management Institute of India (HSMI), the India Human Settlements Programme (IHSP), the Indian Ministry of Urban Development, USAID and ESCAP in February 1995. The book presents models and practices of integrated urban infrastructure development mainly from countries in the region, and looks at the future of urban infrastructure development. Available from: UMP, Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific, P.O.Box 12224, 50770 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

Joshi, Jigbar. Trends and Priorities of Urban Development in South Asia. South Asian Conference of Mayors and Local Authorities, Kathmandu, April 8-10, 1996. 43p. (SEVANATHA)

Discusses the problems caused by recent trends of urbanisation in Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka, covering issues such as water supply, sanitation, environment and health. It recommends priorities for urban development.

Kothari, Miloon and Nasreen Contractor. Planned Segregation: riots, evictions and dispossession in Jogeshwari East. Bombay: Youth for Unity and Voluntary Action, 1996. 109 pp. (YUVA)

This research study presents and analyses the phenomenon of riots and evictions in a northern suburb of Bombay, within the framework of human rights by specially applying the housing perspective. It exposes how the persistent inadequacy of housing and living conditions sustains an air of insecurity on a daily basis which in conjunction with other factors leads to riots. The study aims to give an understanding of the situation in Jogeshwari East which experienced a violent cycle of evictions and communal riots. It also raises questions about ghettoisation and governance; about social exclusion and integration. Available from: YUVA, 53/2, 2nd Floor, Nare Park Municipal School, Opp. Nare Park Ground, Parel, Bombay - 400 012, India.

Khoo, Salma Nasution, comp. Heritage Habitat: A Source Book of the Urban Conservation Movement in Asia and the Pacific. Penang: AWPNUC, 1997. 112 p.

An increasing number of historic areas and buildings are gradually succumbing to the pressures of modern development. Numerous attempts are being made to preserve and promote heritage habitats. One such attempt is to learn from each other thereby motivating community action - the Heritage Habitat is a directory of organisations and individuals involved in the urban conservation movement in the Asia Pacific region. It aims to encourage conservation advocates and practitioners to contact, exchange resources and develop common resources, strategies and partnerships.

Lea, John P and John M. Courtney, eds. Cities in Conflict: studies in the planning and management of Asian cities. Washington: World Bank, 1985. 122p. (AIT)

Contains a collection of studies on the four large metropolitan cities of Manila, Jakarta, Calcutta and Madras. The chapters, written mainly by architects and planners, describe recent experience with large-scale urban planning initiatives. The case studies are introduced by an overview of conflicts facing the planning professional in the Third World, a review of urban management strategies in Asia. and a summary of the Bank's experience with its urban projects. It contains an appendix with comparative data on the Philippines, Indonesia, India and their four metropolitan cities. Available from: The World Bank, 1818 H Street, NW, Washington D.C. 20433, USA.

Leman, Edward. Urban Management: a primer. UMP-Asia Occasional Paper No.3. Kuala Lumpur: Urban Management Programme, 1993. 15p. (AP2000)

Contains the following: scope of urban management, urban management as a process, functions of urban management, the spatial scales of urban management, the role players in urban management, the overall framework for urban management Available from: Urban Management Programme, Regional Office for Asia and Pacific, Wisma APDC, Pesiaran Duta, PO Box 12224, 50770, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

Lo, Fu-chen and Yue-man Yeung, eds. Emerging World Cities in Pacific Asia. Tokyo/New York/Paris: United Nations University Press, 1996. 528 p.

Focuses on the functional characteristics and linkage effects of pacific Asia's world cities against the background of global economic restructuring since the 1980's. These cities are examined as individual entities, in their original setting, and in the context of subreagional cooperative development environment. Emphasis is placed on the functional importance and complexity of world cities in the global and regional economies. The book provides a comprehensive assessment of the interplay between global structural adjustments and the changing role and configuration of Asia's world cities at the close of the twentieth century.

The Management of Secondary Cities in Southeast Asia. Nairobi: United Nations Centre for Human Settlements (Habitat), 1996. 160p. (HSU- ESCAP/AP2000)

This report discusses current urbanisation patterns in Southeast Asia, spatial policies adopted by governments, and the management of secondary cities based on the case studies conducted in five cities: Can Tho in Vietnam, Mandalay in Myanmar, Nakon Ratchasima in Thailand, Ipoh in Malaysia and Balikpapan in Indonesia. Available from: UNCHS (Habitat), P.O.Box 30030, Nairobi, Kenya.

Mathur, Om Prakash and Nathaniel Von Einsiedel, eds. Increasing the Income of Cities: tapping the potentials of non-land-based sources of municipal revenues. New Delhi/Kuala Lumpur: Centax Publications/UNDP, 1996. 307p. (AP2000/YUVA)

This book explores the potentials of increasing the income of cities through non-land-based sources such as property taxes, as an alternative to traditional sources to enable cities to assume larger responsibilities for economic and social development. It includes five country studies from India, Korea, Malaysia, Philippines and Thailand. The studies were sponsored by the UNDP's Urban Management Programme based in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Available from: Centax Publications, 1512-B, Bhishm Pitamah Marg, New Delhi - 110003, India

May, Richard, Jr. The Urbanization Revolution: planning a new agenda for human settlements. New York: Plenum Press, 1989. 271p. (AIT)

Contains selected papers delivered at the annual conference of the American Planning Association in April 1987 in New York and in San Antonio in 1988. The papers illustrate some of the new approaches which form the basis for shelter and urban development assistance in the 1990s. They describe methods of mobilising the requisite housing finance, private-public sector cooperation and urban management skills in the context of sound fiscal policies, role of small towns in linking rural and urban development and the need for a more closely integrated physical or spatial planning with the achievement of economic and social objectives. The book includes case studies of self-help and informal sector efforts in shelter and community building, emerging role of NGOs and CBOs, and papers on strategies for resource mobilisation for shelter and development plans with integrated and sustainable approach. Available from: Plenum Press, 233 Spring Street, New York NY 10013, USA.

McCarney, Patricia L. ed. The Changing Nature of Local Government in Developing Countries. Toronto: Centre for Urban and Community Studies and International Office Federation of Canadian Municipalities, 1996. 314p. (AP2000)

The essays in this collection contain profiles of the systems of local government in 10 countries of Latin America, Asia and Africa, giving an understanding of the changing nature, structures and functions of local government in developing countries. It also features introductory and regional overview essays, providing insight into the increasing significance of the local government in the governing relationship. Available from: Centre for Urban and Community Studies, University of Toronto, 455 Spadina Ave., Toronto M5S2G8, Canada.

McCarney, Patricia L. ed. Cities and Governance: New Directions in Latin America, Asia and Africa. Toronto: Centre for Urban and Community Studies, 1996. 208p. (AP2000)

This is a report of a research study on urban governance in the cities of Latin America , Asia and Africa. It is the result of an urban research network involving some 50 countries, to consider the new challenges confronting the development community, governments, civic groups, researchers and international donors concerned with the changing nature of "urban governance" in developing countries. Available from: Centre for Urban and Community Studies, University of Toronto, 455 Spadina Ave., Toronto M5S2G8, Canada

McGee, T.G. and Ira M. Robinson, eds. The Mega-Urban Regions of South East Asia. Vancouver: UBC Press, 1995. 384p. (AIT)

Focusses on the massive social, economic, cultural, and political transformation that take place as South Asian countries develop vast urban centres. It focusses on: urbanisation and its primary manifestation, the huge, sprawling regions centred on the old urban cores of Bangkok, Kuala Lumpur, Singapore, Jakarta, and Manila. The book evaluates policy options for planning and development of these large urban regions. Available from: UBC Press, University of British Columbia, 6344 Memorial Road, Vancouver BC V6T 1Z2, Canada.

Menon, Lakshmi, comp. and ed. Understanding Urbanisation: A Sourcebook. Mumbai/Kuala Lumpur: YUVA/AP2000, 1998. 120p. (AP2000 & YUVA)

The many complexities of urbanisation need to be better understood if appropriate solutions are to be found. The issues range from cities, housing, water and sanitation, governance and transportation to issues which touch human lives in urban areas, such as evictions, violence, community action and problems of women, children, elderly, migrants and the economically disadvantaged. Understanding Urbanisation serves as an important reference point for this purpose. It is comprised of three sections: information sources, containing a selective annotated bibliography with a list of websites; information tool with a manual on information processing and electronic information system; and information networking resources with a directory of useful contacts, and a list of keywords on urban issues to facilitate information search.

Milton, Diana and John Thompson, eds. Special Issue on Participatory Tools and Methods in Urban Areas. RRA Notes 21. Nov. 1994. 100p. (SEVANATHA)

Contains articles dealing with training, learning and rapid analysis methods in urban management and participatory experiences of various communities in India, Zambia, Ethiopia, Dominican Republic Mexico City and Sri Lanka. Available from: Sustainable Agricultural Programme and Human Settlements Programme, International Institute for Environment & Development (IIED), 3 Endsleigh Street, London WC1H0DD, United Kingdom.

Mitra, Arup. Urbanisation, Slums, Informal Sector Employment and Poverty: an exploratory study. Delhi: B.R.Publishing, 1994. 303p. (AIT)

This study provides a framework for analysing inter-relationships among urban growth, migration, labour market conditions, employment pattern, levels of living and dwelling conditions. The study examines the nature and pattern of urbanisation in India, analyse the employment problem in cities, to assess the impact of rural-urban migration on employment in low productivity activities, and to examine the functioning of the slum economy with a view to explore its links with the informal sector and urban poverty. Available from: D.K.Publishers & Distributors, 1 Ansari Road, Darya Ganj, New Delhi - 110 002, India.

Mohanty, Bidyut, ed. Urbanisation in Developing Countries: basic services and community participation. Urban Studies Series-I. New Delhi: Institute of Social Sciences/Concept Publishing, 1993. 421p. (YUVA)

The book examines problems of access to adequate basic civic amenities specially for the urban poor in Bangladesh, Brazil, China, Egypt, India Kenya, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka and Turkey. It focusses on local community participation and empowerment of urban communities through revitalisation of local self-government institutions. Available from: Concept Publishing Company, A/15-16 Commercial Block, Mohan Garden, New Delhi 110 029, India.

Municipal Land Management in Asia: a comparative study. Yokohama: CityNet, 1995. 115p. (CityNet)

A practical source for analysis of land management options. It includes studies of six municipalities in South and South-East Asia. Available from: CityNet Secretariat, 5F, International Organisations Centre, Pacifico-Yokohama, 1-1-1 Minato Mirai, Nishi-ku, Yokohama, Japan 220.

Municipal Revenue Enhancing Strategies. Bangkok: CityNet/ESCAP, 1996. (CityNet)

Proceedings of a Regional Workshop on Municipal Revenue Enhancing Strategies, held at Bandung, Indonesia, Dec. 4-6, 1995. It contains an overview of problems and concerns of revenue-enhancing strategies. It looks at different sources of revenue, in particular, property taxation and non-land-based revenue potential as well as inter-governmental transfers. Available from: CityNet Secretariat, 5F, International Organisations Centre, Pacifico-Yokohama, 1-1-1 Minato Mirai, Nishi-ku, Yokohama, Japan 220.

Murphy, Denis. A Decent Place to Live: urban poor in Asia. Bangkok: Asian Coalition for Housing Rights, 1990. 130p. (ACHR)

The book is divided into two parts. The first part presents six cities, each of which illustrates a characteristics of major Asian cities, including Bangkok, Bombay, Calcutta, Hong Kong, Manila and Seoul. Through interviews, it presents poor people's views of urban life and problems. The second part discusses the phenomena common to all cities, including evictions, housing solutions, informal employment and people's organising efforts. It also contains a chapter on women and culture. Available from: ACHR, 73 Soi Sonthiwattana 4, Ladprao Road 110, Bangkok 10310, Thailand.

On the Inter-regional Exchange and Transfer of Effective Practices for Urban Management. Monograph. United Nations Development Programme, 1995. 133p. (SEVANATHA).

This monograph contains 30 case studies documenting the experiences of countries in different regions of the world, some of the practices which have been effective in addressing critical urban problems. The monograph may be used as a basis for facilitating an exchange of ideas, experiences, policies and practices on sustainable urban development to provide participants with a wider choice of options in addressing urban problems.

NGO Committee on UNICEF. Women and Children in Urban Poverty: what way out? NGO action for HABITAT. Geneva: UNICEF.1997. 80p. (YUVA)

This publication is about ideas and activities of child-related NGOs in human settlement development, both at Habitat II conference and in the towns, cities and villages. It describes the work of the Rights of the Child Caucus and summarises the presentations at the workshop on "Women and Children in Urban Poverty: What Way Out?", sponsored by the NGO Committee on UNICEF at the parallel NGO Forum for Habitat II. Available from : NGO Section, UNICEF, Palais des Nations, CH-1211, Geneva 10, Switzerland.

Partnership for a Livable Environment. Washington, D.C: Cooperative Housing Foundation, 1992. 40p. (SEVANATHA)

This document explores the relationship between the growth of informal urban settlements in developing countries and the living conditions of people who reside there. It promotes an ecological perspective on urban development, focusing on the practices found within informal settlements and their impact on the surrounding environment. It identifies the problems of environmental degradation and describes selected community-based approaches used for resolving environmental problems in informal settlements. Available from: Cooperative Housing Foundation, P.O. Box 91280, Washington, D.C., 20090-1280, USA.

Partnerships for a Better Urban Future: a question of political will – experiences from the city of Mumbai (Bombay), India. Bombay: Youth for Unity and Voluntary Action, 1996. 30p. (YUVA)

This is a report on the city-level dialogue wherein representatives of NGOs, CBOs, academic institutions and police, municipal and state authorities participated. They discussed the constraints and opportunities of collaborations with a view to identify ways for enhancing the possibilities of future partnerships for improving the housing and living conditions in cities, particularly for the urban poor. Available from: YUVA, 53/2, 2nd Floor, Nare Park Municipal School, Opp. Nare Park Ground, Parel, Mumbai – 400 012, India.

Patel, Sujata and Alice Thorner, eds. Bombay: metaphor for modern India. Bombay: Oxford University Press, 1996. 298p. (YUVA/AP2000)

This book identifies the key characteristics of the city and explores the processes which have led to its conspicuous successes and hidden conflicts. The three main themes treated are labour and enterprise, claims on land, housing and health politics and populism. The contributors deal with the present as well as with its roots in the recent and colonial past. Available from: Oxford University Press, YMCA Library Building, Jai Singh Road, New Delhi-110 001, India.

Potter, Robert B. and Ademola T. Salau, eds. Cities and Development in the Third World. London: Mansell, 1990. 200p. (ACHR/AIT)

Provides empirical material on the relations between cities and development. It is comprehensive in its coverage of Third World regions and also in its treatment of spatial consideration ranging from global to local. Various chapters focus on specific issues of housing, services and welfare primarily at the level of individual urban areas. It includes case studies of urban structure and development at the inter-urban scale drawn from Africa,, South East Asia and Polynesia, the Indian subcontinent and the Caribbean. These case studies are related to current debates about Third World development. Available from : Mansell Publishing House, Villiers House, 41/47 Strand, London WC2N 5JE, England.

Potter, Robert B. Urbanisation and Planning in the Third World: spatial perceptions and public participation. New York: St Martin's Press, 1985. 284p. (AIT)

This book attempts to provide more information to students of urban geography on Third World urbanisation and development. The theme of this book serves to stress that urbanisation and urban growth are fundamental contemporary processes affecting humanity and that reacting to the challenges presented by them will undoubtedly tax severely the capabilities, resources and inventiveness of governments and communities. It points out that dealing with these processes will entail more than responding to them in piecemeal fashion. Instead, it will involve an ideological commitment to promoting a more balanced and equitable pattern and process of development. Available from: St Martin's Press, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York NY 10010, USA

Proceedings of the ESCAP/CityNet High-Level Policy Seminar on Financial Management of Local Authorities. Yokohama: CityNet, 1993. 110p. (CityNet)

The Seminar held in Bombay, India in November 1993, discuss land-based and non-land-based municipal revenue systems, and innovative ways to generate resources through public participation. The document includes three case studies on municipal finance systems Available from: CityNet Secretariat, 5F, International Organisations Centre, Pacifico-Yokohama, 1-1-1 Minato Mirai, Nishi-ku, Yokohama, Japan 220.

Report and Proceedings of the CityNet/ESCAP/Dhaka City Corporation Seminar on Privatisation of Urban Environmental Infrastructure and Services. Yokohama: CityNet/ESCAP, 1995. 109p. (CityNet)

This seminar, held in Dhaka, Bangladesh in June 1995, discussed the benefits and difficulties of the privatisation of urban environmental services and facilities. The report also includes technical papers presented at the seminar. Available from: CityNet Secretariat, 5F, International Organisations Centre, Pacifico-Yokohama, 1-1-1 Minato Mirai, Nishi-ku, Yokohama, Japan 220.

Richards, P.J. and A.M.Thomson, eds. Basic Needs and the Urban Poor: the provision of communal services. London/Sydney: Croom Helm, 1984. 276p. (AIT)

This study is intended to investigate means by which satisfaction levels of basic needs of the urban poor can be improved by the conscious application of public policies and programmes. Referring specifically to Asia, it looks at a number of specific fields, including housing policy, building codes, water supply, sanitation, transport, health and education. For each one, it reviews the specific situation of the urban poor and the actual potential means available to improve their lot. It includes a chapter on the role of public sector. Available from: Croom Helm, Provident House, Burrell Row, Beckenham, Kent BR31AT, United Kingdom, or, Croom Helm, 1st Floor, 139 King Street, Sydney, NSW 2001, Australia.

Rodgers, Gerry, ed. Urban Poverty and the Labour Market: access to jobs and incomes in Asian and Latin American cities. Geneva: International Labour Organization, 1989. 257p. (AIT)

The book investigates the ways in which poverty can be traced to labour market mechanisms in cities of Asia and Latin America, on the basis of a series of empirical studies. It documents trends in different dimensions of urban poverty, assesses how they affect different population groups, analyses current trends in labour market outcomes, and evaluates the relative importance of labour market and other factors in the evolution of poverty. The longer term objective is to contribute to the design of labour market policies, in the context of overall strategies for the reduction of urban poverty. Available from: International Labour Organization, CH 1211 Geneva, Switzerland.

Rondinelli, Dennis A. and G. Shabbir Cheema, eds. Urban Services in Developing Countries: public and private roles in urban development. Hamshire: Macmillan, 1988. 266p. (AIT)

This book, sponsored by the United Nations, examines the means to provide minimum levels of service to rapidly growing urban populations in developing countries. It focuses on the urban poor for whom access to urban services is essential to raise their standards of living, productivity and income. It contains comparative case studies of urban service needs and problems in specific countries. It includes chapters which explore the organisational and administrative aspects of urban service, delivery and policy implications of extending and maintaining services on a large scale. It examines the innovative efforts of governments, international agencies, businesses, voluntary organisations and community groups. Available from: Macmillan, Houndsmills, Basingstoke, Hamshire RG212XS, United Kingdom.

Sachdeva, Pradeep, ed. Revamping Urban Governments in India. New Delhi: Kitab Mahal, 1995. 260p. (AIT)

This is an anthology of articles by eminent academicians and experienced administrators on urbanisation. It outlines numerous challenges, especially those of slums, environmental pollution and housing, critical appraisal of select municipal corporations and committees, and also of urban development authorities, municipal finance, people's participation, urban leadership and urban politics. In the concluding chapter, the editor examines the failure of urban local governments to achieve the twin objective of providing political education as well as basic services and amenities of minimum standard to the citizens. Available from: Kitab Mahal, 28 Netaji Subhash Marg, New Delhi - 110 002, India

Seabrook, Jeremy. In the Cities of the South: scenes from a developing world. London:Verso, 1996. 303p.(CHS).

Gives an account of the experiences of people in the vast and ever-expanding cities of Asia - Bangkok, Bombay, Dhaka, Jakarta, Ho Chi Minh, Manila and Kuala Lumpur. They are stories of survival and endurance, and special attention is given to the position of labour in the cities, both organised and unorganised. These stories are evocative of daily life with vivid description of besieged communities - of thousands of migrants who arrive daily in these megacities of the south. Available from: Verso, 6 Meard Street, London W1V 3HR, United Kingdom, or at 180 Varick Street, NY 10014-4606, USA.

Second Asian Urban Inquiry 1992-3. Kobe: Asian Urban Information Centre of Kobe, 1993. 68p. (ACHR)

This publication is based on an inquiry in which urban administrators were asked to identify some of the major problems faced in their work and the solution sought. It compares and contrasts data collected from 133 completed questionnaires in areas such as migration, fertility and family planning, pollution, employment, housing and crime. Available from: AUICK, 6th Floor, Edo-machi, SK Building, 92 Edo- machi, Chou-ku, Kobe 650, Japan.

Seneviratne, Kalinga, ed. Habitat II: Broadcasting the Voices of Asia. Mimeo. Kuala Lumpur: UNDP, 1996. 59p. (AP2000)

This document is based on the radio project "Broadcasting Habitat II, produced by Inter Press Service - Asia in collaboration with Asia Pacific 2000 and UN Radio. It includes a debate on living in Asian cities, Urban Settlements Forum in Bangkok, an interview with Anwar Fazal, Regional Coordinator of Asia Pacific 2000, for discussion on delegation of power to grassroots, with examples of Bangkok, Manila, Sydney. It also covers Grameen Bank, SEWA Bank in India, micro-credit ideas and the Orangi Pilot Project's credit scheme. Also includes a debate: "Did greater access for NGOs to Habitat II make any difference?", and "Voices" presented at the Istanbul Conference. Available from: Asia Pacific 2000/UNDP, PO Box 12544, 50782 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

Sivaramakrishnan, K.C. and Leslie Green. Metropolitan Management: the Asian Experience. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1986, 290p. (AIT)

This World Bank publication surveys the experience of eight cities in Southeast Asia: Bangkok, Bombay, Calcutta, Colombo, Jakarta, Karachi, Madras and Manila. Detailed profiles of the eight cities underscore similarities in their problems and describe the changes they have made in planning processes, development programmes and institutions. The authors emphasise the need for routine delivery of essential works and services, innovative planning and execution of urgently needed large-scale projects, and appropriate managerial processes as opposed to the creation of new institutions. Available from: World Bank, 1818 H Street N.W., Washington D.C. 20433, USA.

Stren, Richard.ed. Urban Research in the Developing World. Vol.1-Asia. Toronto: Centre for Urban and Community Studies, 1994. 324p. (AP2000)

This volume presents the findings of the first phase of a project on the role of research on urban development involving 50 countries. Covering South, South-East Asia and China, it examines the significance and structure of urban research in each of the Asian countries involved - Bangladesh, China, India, Indonesia, Nepal and Sri Lanka. Available from: Centre for Urban and Community Studies, University of Toronto, 455 Spadina Ave., Toronto M5S2G8, Canada.

Training Manual on Urban Local Government Finance for South Asian Countries: readings and case studies in urban finance. Nairobi: United Nations Commission for Human Settlements (Habitat), 1991. 174p. (YUVA)

This volume contains materials for use in courses in urban financial management, particularly in relation to the rapidly growing cities and towns of South Asia. It describes the components of sound financial management. It prescribes and illustrates a strategy for reform, a process by which central and local governments understand and commit themselves to a series of comprehensive measures, to provide a sound financial base for local governments by planned and feasible stages. This manual is one of a series intended to assist training institutions in developing countries in strengthening their curricula in the human settlements sector. Available from: UNCHS (Habitat), PO Box 30030, Nairobi, Kenya.

Trends, Patterns and Implication of Rural-Urban Migration in India, Nepal and Thailand. Asian Population Studies Series No. 138. New York: United Nations. 1995. 243p. (YUVA)

Gives a detailed analysis of rural-urban migration based on results of 1990-91 population consensus discussions in India, Nepal and Thailand. It offers a wide range of policy recommendations. Available from: United Nations, Publications Sales and Marketing Section, Room DC2-0853, New York NY 10017, USA.

Troy, Patrick, ed. Technological Change and the City. Sydney: The Federation Press, 1995. 202p. (AP2000/UNDP)

The book focuses on the impact of technological change on the development patterns of Australian cities and to a lesser extent on the role of cities as foci for technological innovation. The book includes chapters devoted to a historical perspective on infrastructure technology; the impact of transportation, water, sewerage and drainage and communications technologies, location issues and innovation; cities as technology generators; and a look at information technology in the city. Many contributors take a long historical perspective and some make comparisons with experiences elsewhere, especially with North America and Europe. Available from: Australian Habitat II Secretariat, GPO Box 9834, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia.

Twenty Steps for Developing a Healthy Cities Project. 2nd. ed. Copenhagen: World Health Organization, 1995. 58p. (YUVA)

This publication is intended to provide guidance and a reference framework for cities that are in the process of introducing a Healthy Cities Project, or to review and expand an existing one. The booklet's main thrust is the description of the three phases of development: the initiation process, project organisation and areas for action, and strategic work. It is based on the insights and experience gained from the first implementation phase of the WHO Healthy Cities Project. Available from: WHO Regional Office for Europe, Scherfigsvej 8, DK 2100 Copenhagen O, Denmark.

Urban Agriculture: food, jobs and sustainable cities. UNDP Publication Series for Habitat II, Volume I. New York: United Nations Development Programme, 1996. 300p. (AP2000/YUVA)

This volume focuses on urban agriculture in Asia, Africa and Latin America. It reviews the history and current status of urban farming and its relevance for the future, describes some of the urban agricultural enterprises that exist in other countries, and explores potential methods of promoting urban agriculture industry. Available from: UNDP, One UN Plaza, New York, 10017, USA.

The Urban Environment in Developing Countries. New York: United Nations Development Programme, 1992. 96p. (AP2000)

This paper describes the process of urbanisation, social change and poverty, the world economy and the sources of urban environmental damage. It also discusses the urban environmental issues in developing countries, both the causes and consequences, including issues of water supply, waste disposal, air pollution, land degradation, environmental hazards and physical planning, and access by the poor to urban services. It also outlines policy and programme interventions, including the role of national government policies, role of institutions and local authorities and agencies, the private sector and NGOs. The paper provides a perspective on the role of international agencies, focusing on UNDP's strategy for urban environment, and includes an exposition on changes in policy perspective, programmes and agendas, role and operational implications for UNDP in improving the urban environment. Available from: Environment and Natural Resources Group, UNDP, One UN Plaza, New York, NY 10017, USA.

Urban Environmental Management Guidelines for Thailand. Bangkok: Department of Local Administration, 1994. 12 booklets. (AP2000)

Translated and edited from the original Thai, they contain the following: conceptual frameworks, problem analysis, solutions, related laws and regulations on water pollution, drainage, solid waste management, air pollution control, environmental health, traffic and transport, city greening, building, slum improvement, and land-use planning.

Urban Management: CityNet policy seminar on participatory urban management. Bangkok: CityNet/ESCAP, 1997, 190p. (CityNet)

Report and Proceedings of the Policy Seminar on Participatory Urban Management, held at Shanghai in November 1996. It contains an overview of participatory and strategic approaches to urban management, with issue papers on finance, project implementation, integrated planning approaches, involving communities and environmental protection. It also includes case studies of various member cities, including several on Shanghai. Available from: CityNet Secretariat, 5F, International Organisations Centre, Pacifico-Yokohama, 1-1-1 Minato Mirai, Nishi-ku, Yokohama, Japan 220 .

Urban Policy Issues; seminar on major national urban policy issues, Manila, 3-7 Feb.1987. Manila: Asian Development Bank, 1987. 822p. (ACHR)

Proceedings based on the discussions of the seminar dealing with national objectives and strategies for urban development in Asia. It included defining roles of the public and private sector in urban development, financing of urban development, urban environment, and strengthening urban institutional capabilities. Country papers include Bangladesh, China, Fiji, India, Indonesia, Korea, Malaysia, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, Singapore and Thailand. Available from: ADB, 6 ADB Avenue, 1501 Mandaluyong, Metro Manila, Philippines

Urban Transport. Bangkok: CityNet,1997. 59p. (CityNet)

Proceedings of the CityNet Regional Policy Seminar on Urban Transport and Mass Transit held in New Delhi, Oct. 14-17 October 1996. The seminar discussed the management of urban transport and measuring policies at the local level. It includes the Collective Commitment for Sustainable Cities: Local Agenda for Urban Transport Infrastructure and Services which was an outcome of the Seminar. This was submitted and adopted at the UN-ESCAP Ministerial Conference on Infrastructure held in New Delhi, Oct.23 to 31 1996. Also includes technical papers and city papers from Bandung, Bangalore, Bangkok, Colombo, Delhi, Dhaka, Hanoi, Hue, Kuala Lumpur, Metro Manila, Kathmandu, Muntinlupa, Tel Aviv, Wuhan, and Yokohama. Available from: CityNet Secretariat, 5F, International Organisations Centre, Pacifico-Yokohama, 1-1-1 Minato Mirai, Nishi-ku, Yokohama, Japan 220.

Urbanization in Asia and the Pacific. New York: United Nations, 1994. 195p. (HSU-ESCAP)

Proceedings of the UN-ESCAP Ministerial Conference held in Bangkok, Oct. 27-Nov. 2, 1993 which deliberated on the issues of urbanisation. The Conference endorsed the Regional Action Plan on Urbanisation and adopted the Bangkok Declaration on Sustainable Urban Development and Management in Asia and the Pacific both of which are included in this publication. Available from: Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific, Publications Division, United Nations Building, Rajadamnern Avenue, Bangkok 10200, Thailand.

An Urbanizing World: global report on human settlements - 1996. Oxford: Oxford University Press/UNCHS (Habitat), 1996. 559p. (ACHR)

This report was compiled for presentation at the Habitat II Conference on Human Settlements. It contains an assessment of the main challenges of urbanisation, identifying human settlements, development constraints at local, national and international levels. It builds upon the basis of available knowledge, a vision of sustainable human settlements and adequate shelter for all. It includes: conditions and trends, global context of economic conditions and population change and urbanisation, regional perspectives, environmental conditions and trends, human settlements, land, housing and new directions in sustainable development in human settlements. Available from: United Nations Commission on Human Settlements (Habitat), PO Box 30030, Nairobi, Kenya., or Oxford University Press, Walton Street, Oxford OX2 6DP, United Kingdom.

"Villes, Cities, Ciudades: social cohesion and territorial dynamics, living in the city and urban vitality" - The Cities Summit: June 1996, Courrier du CNRS, No.82, 1996. 212p. (AP2000)

This special issue of Courrier du CNRS presents the results of research projects providing new insights into our world and future prospects. The articles present the recent and ongoing investigations of 90 research teams on such subjects as social exclusion and social cohesion, partnerships between public and private sectors, competition and collaboration between cities, population mobility patterns, urban pollution and traffic, ethnic and social identities and problems of integration, attitudes towards nature, relationships between centre and periphery, and globalisation of urban economies. They examine key issues from different points of view: the search for a "cybernetic" model to describe "urban governance", the time-based approach to the city, the implicit refusal of the city by urban residents longing for what is "natural" and ecological, and how new technologies can be applied to the city. Available from: Descartes & Cie, 52 rue Madame, 75006 Paris, France.

Women Constructing Their Lives : women construction workers - four evaluative case studies. Nairobi : UNCHS (Habitat), 1997. 144p. (YUVA)

Includes case studies from Ghana, India, Jamaica and Mexico. They describe how women, both trained and untrained, have participated in the construction sector with varying degrees of success and personal fulfillment. They also describe the obstacles: from lack of access to training to unequal pay, to harassment on construction sites. Available from: UNCHS (Habitat), P.O.Box 30030, Nairobi, Kenya.

World Resources 1996-97. New York: Oxford University Press, 1996. 365p. (AP2000)

A joint publication of the World Resources Institute, UNEP, UNDP and the World Bank, it focusses on critical environmental challenges facing the world's rapidly expanding urban areas. It explores the range of urban problems in developing and developed countries and analyses key policies for addressing them. It surveys conditions and trends for important global issues and includes core country data in each of the major resource categories from population to land cover to water to energy. It contains natural resources data for 152 countries. Available from: United Nations, Publications Sales and Marketing Section, Room DC2-0853, New York, NY 10017, USA.

World Urbanisation Prospect: the 1994 revision. New York: United Nations, 1995. 178p. (AP2000).

The Department of Economic and Social Information and Policy Analysis of the UN has put out the results of the UN 1994 Revision of the estimates and projections on urban and rural populations and urban agglomerations for major areas, regions and countries of the world. This publication, which is updated every two years, analyses growth patterns of urban settlements and provides comparative figures on size and distribution. It also gives a specific listing of information sources in each of the countries noted. Projections are made in five-year periods that start from 1950-55 to 2020-2025. Available from: United Nations, Publications Sales and Marketing Section, Room DC2-0853, New York, NY 10017, USA.

Water and Sanitation

Lubis, Abdil-Razzaq. Water Watch - A Community Action Guide. Penang: Asia-Pacific People's Environmental Network, 1998. 96 p. (AP2000)

This Action Guide compiles water facts which everyone needs to know, introduces us to the water cycle and the essential role of wetlands, and distills words of widom on water's central importance to life and spirituality. It presents a step-by-step- guide on how to map out our watersheds, how to conduct a field study and how to adopt a stream. It highlights simple projects that can be undertaken by community-based organisations, youth and school groups. The content include practicle tips on how best to make use of our water resources, how to save water and how not to contaminate it. The Guide also lists water groups throughout the world who can provide resources for a growing water movement.

Angelakis, A. et al, ed. "Waste Water Reclammation and Reuse", in Water, Science and Technology, vol.33 (Nos.10-11), 1996. (AIT)

This special issue contains the proceedings of the IAWQ 2nd International Symposium on Waste Water held in Iraklio, Crete, Greece, Oct. 17-20, 1995. It includes case studies from Greece, Namibia, France and Japan. Available From: International Association of Water Quality, Elsevier Science Limited, The Boulevard, Langford Lane, Oxford OX 1 GB, United Kingdom.

Community-Managed Sewer Disposal System: process and progress. Colombo: SEVANATHA _ Urban Resource Centre, 1993. 12p. (SEVANATHA)

This report gives details of a sewage system implemented and monitored by community participation. It examines the community mobilisation, construction and supervision of the sewer and also includes "Training on Operation" and "Maintenance of the System". Available from: SEVANATHA Urban Resource Centre, 220/3 Nawala Road, Rajagiriya, Sri Lanka.

Guidelines on the Participatory Approach to Urban Environmental Management. Yokohama: CityNet, 1996. 93p. (CityNet).

Practical manual outlining various composting technologies and methodologies currently in use. It also contains a discussion of landfill strategies and policies. Available from: CityNet Secretariat, 5F, International Organisations Centre, Pacifico-Yokohama, 1-1-1 Minato Mirai, Nishi-ku, Yokohama, Japan 220.

Hall, Alex. The Integrated Approach to Waste Water Engineering. CityNet Waste Water Management Seminar - Colombo, 1996. Colombo: WS Atkins International Ltd, 1996. 10p. (SEVANATHA)

This paper discusses the various aspects of construction of the waste water engineering project and gives two case studies to illustrate the successful adoption of the integrated approach. The case studies are (1) the greater Colombo Flood Control and Environment Improvement Project, and (2) Design Environmental Assessment and Supervision of Implementation of an Improved Sewerage System Under the Beira Lake Restoration Project.It shows that the construction of the project must be part of the wider project which must satisfy the needs of the community it seeks to serve. Further, in the long term, the implementing organisation must be capable of operating and maintaining the works properly. Available from: WS Atkins International Ltd., 39 St Michaels Road, Colombo -3, Sri Lanka.

Hasan, Arif. The Low-Income Sanitation Programme of the Orangi Pilot Project: six questions. Karachi: Research and Training Institute for the Development of Katchi Abadis - Orangi Pilot Project, 1987. 24p. (SEVANATHA)

The paper outlines the HIC case study of Orangi Pilot project and discusses the OPP's low-cost Sanitation Programme which led to a major environmental and social change along with improvement of peoples homes. Available from; RTI-OPP for Development of Katchi Abadis, 1-D/26, Daulat House, Orangi Township, Karachi, Pakistan.

International Source Book on Environmentally Sound Technologies for Municipal Solid Waste Management. Osaka/Shiga: UNEP International; Environmental Technology Centre, 1996. 427p. (WASTEWISE)

This Source Book focuses on one of the factors that is contributing to the degradation of the urban environment: the difficulty of managing solid waste (MSW). The book brings together experiences and ideas regarding MSW management from Africa, Asia and the Pacific, Europe, Latin America and the Caribbean and North America. It provides substantive information and ideas about MSW management , along with a long list of institutional sources of information about these issues. It is divided into Section 1: Toward a Framework for Waste Management, Section 2: Sound Practices, Section 3: Regional Overviews and Information Sources, Appendix 1: public Health Aspects of MSWM, Appendix 2: Costs of MSWM, Appendix 3: UNEP Contact information, and includes a bibliography and a glossary. Available from: UNEP IETC, 2-110 Ryokuchi Koen, Tsurumi-ku, Osaka 538, Japan, E-mail <hrshiror.unep.or.jp> or, UNEP IETC, 1091 Oronoshimo-cho, Kusatsu City, Shiga 525, Japan.

Khanna, P. and Kanl, S.N., eds. "Appropriate Waste Management Technologies for Developing Countries", Water, Science and Technology, vol. 33 No.8, 1996. 153p. (AIT)

This special issue deals with appropriate technologies for the management of waste water and solid wastes. Available from: International Association of Water Quality, Duchess House, 20 Masons Yard, Duke Street, St. James's, London SW1Y6BU, United Kingdom. Fax. (44-171) 839 8299.

Kumar, Adarsha and Pradeep Monga. Urban Waste Management: innovative practices in Shimla. Paper presented at the South Asian Conference of Mayors and Local Authorities (Habitat II Conference sub-regional consultations), Kathmandu, Nepal, April 8-10, 1996. Monograph, 12p. (SEVANATHA)

Contains background information regarding the geography and population of Shimla, capital city of Himachal Pradesh in north India, and describes the status of urban solid waste management with demographical details. It identifies the problems of garbage disposal and the various innovative practices in urban waste management which ensure people's participation and active cooperation and involvement of NGOs in successful implementation of such programmes.

Report of the CityNet/UNCRD/City of Makati Seminar on Recycling in Asia. Yokohama: CityNet, 1994. 151p. (CityNet)

The Seminar held in Manila, the Philippines, in November 1994, discussed the role of local governments in recycling projects. The report contains technical papers on urban strategies for the implementation and management of recycling projects. Available from: CityNet Secretariat, 5F, International Organisations Centre, Pacifico-Yokohama, 1-1-1 Minato Mirai, Nishi-ku, Yokohama, Japan 220.

Sharma, Kalpana. Waiting for Water: the experience of poor communities in Bombay. Monograph. Bombay: SPARC, n.d. 15p.(ACHR)

This study examines the struggle of poor people in a large metropolis like Bombay to obtain adequate supplies of water. It outlines the ways in which lack of information skews official schemes leaving the poor open to the worst forms of exploitation. This study aims to make available to poor communities information on the issue of water so that they can use it to negotiate with the local authorities for a better deal for themselves. Available from: Society for Promotion of Area Resource Centers, P.O. Box 9389, Bhulabhai Desai Road, Mumbai/Bombay-400 026, India.

The Urban Poor and the Basic Infrastructure Services in Asia and the Pacific. 3 Vols. Manila: Asian Development Bank/Economic Development Institute, 1991. 804p. (AIT)

Report on the Seminar held in Manila, Jan. 22 to 28, 1991, to review past approaches, and explore new ways and means of improving the access of the poor to services that include land, housing, water supply, sanitation, drainage, solid waste collection, public lighting, roads and public transport services. Volume I of this report contains a summary of the main proceedings of the Seminar, including recommendations of the Working Groups and resource papers. Volume II contains country papers of Bangladesh, China, India, Indonesia, South Korea, Malaysia, Nepal, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Sri Lanka and Thailand. Volume III contains the five case studies presented at the Seminar. Available from: Asian Development Bank, P.O.Box, 789, 1099 Manila, Philippines.

Wastewater Management in Asia. Bangkok: CityNet, 1997 183p. (CityNet)

Proceedings from the CityNet/LIFE Regional Training Workshop on Wastewater Management held in Colombo, from 23 to 26 July 1996. The workshop was specifically designed to transfer knowledge and skills on waste water management. Training included skills necessary to manage domestic and industrial waste water treatment facilities, planning of drainage and sewerage, and water pollution control. It also contains city and technical papers from various member cities and organisations in the region. Available from: CityNet Secretariat, 5F, International Organisations Centre, Pacifico-Yokohama, 1-1-1 Minato Mirai, Nishi-ku, Yokohama, Japan 220.

Human Settlements and Housing

Angel, Shlomo and Thipparat Chirathamkijkul. "Slum Reconstruction: land sharing as an alternative to eviction in Bangkok". Reprinted from Land for Housing The Poor. Edited by S. Angel et al. Singapore: Select Books, 1983. pp.430-60. (ACHR/AP2000)

The paper aims to test the validity of a method of granting land tenure and improving the housing conditions of slum dwellers in the urban areas of developing countries. Slum reconstruction is a process of rehousing slum dwellers on land which they currently ocuppy. The paper focuses on Bangkok where slum reconstruction appears to hold promise in a number of slums which are under threat of eviction. Available from: Select Books, 03-15 Tanglin Shopping Centre, 19 Tanglin Road, Singapore –1024.

Anzorena, Eduardo Jorge. Housing the Poor: the Asian experience. Cebu City: Asian Coalition for Housing Rights, 1993. 137p. (ACHR/HSU- ESCAP/AP2000)

This is a compilation of experiences of Asian groups documented under the following themes: community organising, reducing the cost of housing, bringing financial opportunities to the poor, professional inputs for housing the poor, community initiating a housing movement, incremental development, bringing government programmes to the people, learning how to compromise and get results, middle class joining the struggle, and the challenge of the masses. Available from: ACHR, 102 P. Del Rosario Ext., Cebu City, 6000, Philippines, or ACHR, 73 Soi Sonthiwattana 4, Ladprao Road 110, Ladprao, Bangkok 10310, Thailand.

Aresvik, Kirsten Dawn et al. Proposals for Housing Upgrading, Kathmandu City Core. M.Sc. thesis in Building Technology and Town & Regional Planning. Oslo: University of Trondeim, 1991. 210p. (Lumanti).

The main objective of this study is to contribute to the development of better housing for the low-income groups in the historical inner city core of Kathmandu in Nepal. It contains exam ples of rehabilitation, restoration and reconstruction of general value based on pre-studies in Ward 19. It discusses appropriate methods of housing upgrading of low-income residential areas, identifies main approaches, brief surveys in traditional houses, and proposes building designs and construction details.

Arrossi, Silvana, et al. Funding Community Initiatives: the role of NGOs and other intermediary institutions in supporting low-income community organisations in improving housing and living conditions in the Third World. London: Earthscan, 1994. 190p. (AP2000)

This study was undertaken by the International Institute for Environment and Development (IIED) for the United Nations Development Programme. It explores the financing of community-based initiatives to address problems faced by the urban poor. Based on case studies of 18 intermediary institutions which provide technical, legal and financial services to low-income households for infrastructure development, the book examines the role of intermediary institutions in supporting low-income groups and their community organisations in improving housing and living conditions. Through the analysis of innovative financial systems, it considers the feasibility of loans for addressing current urban housing problems. Available from: Earthscan Publications Limited, 120 Pentonville Road, London N1 9JN, United Kingdom.

Benjamin, Solomon. Toward Responsive Projects and Programs: lessons from a site and services project. Colombo: National Housing Development Authority, 1987. 83p. (ACHR)

This report is on a site and services project in Colombo, the Navagamgoda project at Baseline Road. It is an attempt to outline the complexity of an area where the projects are introduced. It discusses reasons why some policies do not work and explains processes that are not clearly understood. It also attempts to view projects as related to larger urban processes rather than focus on them as isolated projects. The report suggests an approach that encourages existing processes. It is linked to an attempt to improve general conditions could help spread benefits more equitably. Available from: NHDA, P.O. Box 1826, Colombo, Sri Lanka.

Beyond Housing: child and community-centered habitat transformation. New Delhi: PLAN International, 1994. 271p. (AP2000)

This publication presents the question of Habitat and housing in the South Asian context. It attempts to integrate a wide diversity of cultures, institutional perspectives, entry points, and styles, which were presented at the Asian Regional Housing Conference held in June 1994 in Colombo, Sri Lanka. Available from: PLAN International, Region of South Asia, 8/16 Sarvapriya Vihar, New Delhi -110 126, India.

Bhattacharya, K.P. Human Settlements in Developing Countries: appropriate approach and alternatives. Calcutta: Habitat Centre, 1986. 346p. (AIT)

Proceedings of the World Congress on Human Settlements in Developing Countries held in Calcutta, India, Dec.12-15, 1984. It includes papers presented for workshop with the sub-themes: urbanisation, resources (land and finance), housing for the urban poor, small and medium towns, food and fuel, non-conventional settlements, and issues and impact of human settlements on the environment. Available from: Centre for Human Settlements, 25-27, Netaji Subhas Road, Calcutta - 700 001, India.

Chant, Sylvia. Gender, Urban Development and Housing. New York: United Nations Development Programme, 1996. 73p. (UNDP, KL)

This publication highlights key aspects of gender and housing affecting low-income women in urban areas. Its main aims are to demonstrate the interacting dynamics between gender and urbanisation processes, to review key problems associated with gender- differentiated experiences of shelter, and to identify the importance of mainstreaming gender in urban planning and policy making. It locates gender as a central and organising construct for the dialogues at the Habitat II and the ensuing policies and programmes. Available from: UNDP, One UN Plaza, New York, NY 10017, USA.

de Vries, I.C.and S. Kuezenkamp. Compendium Women and Habitat. Nijmegen (Netherlands): Department of Spatial Planning, University of Nijmegen, 1996. 160p. (YUVA)

This Compendium gives a brief summary of important issues concerning women, non- governmental organisations and habitat. It contains all the relevant world conference papers and resolutions on gender and habitat issues. Available from: UNCHS (Habitat), P.O.Box 30030, Nairobi, Kenya.

ESCAP. Study and Review of the Human Settlements Situation in Asia and the Pacific. vol. 2 - Country Monographs. New York: United Nations, n.d. 328 pp. (HSU-ESCAP)

This volume documents the country monographs from 16 countries and areas: Bangladesh, China, Fiji, Hong Kong, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Maldives, New Zealand, Pakistan, the Philippines, the Republic of Korea, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Thailand and Tonga. Available from: United Nations Publications Sales and Marketing Section, Room DC2 -0853, NY10017, New York, USA.

Finance and Resource Mobilisation for Low-Income Housing and Neighbourhood Development - a workshop report. Cebu City: Pagtambayaong Foundation 1994. xxiv, 67p. (ESCAP-HS Bangkok, SEVANATHA)

The report of the workshop which was held at Bantayan Island, Cebu, Philippines, Oct. 2-6, 1993, which brought together 16 professionals from 10 countries. It contains the reflections and conclusions of the workshop and the experiences of NGOs in credit programmes for low-income housing and neighbourhood development in urban areas of the Third World, particularly Asia and Latin America. It also includes discussions on future activities and a bibliography. Annexes gives further case studies on Catholic Social Services in Karachi, Mahila Milan in Bombay, UCDO in Bangkok and Vikas in Ahmedabad. Available from: Pagtambayayong Foundation, 102 P.Del Rosario Ext., Cebu City 6000, Philippines.

Gardner, Donald A. Policy and Institutional Study of Housing Finance in Pakistan. Vols. 1&2. Washington, U.S.Leagues International, 1988. 113p. (ACHR)

This study focuses on government policies and the institutional make-up of the housing finance sector. The objective of the study is to identify and explore approaches that should be followed to develop a dynamic market-oriented housing finance system. The intention is to find ways for the government of Pakistan to shift the financial burden of housing production to private financing. The study identifies problems and constraints and offers recommendations.

Ghosh, Santosh, ed. Housing Development and Management. Calcutta: Centre for Built Environment, 1996. 280p. (AP2000)

This book contains proceedings of the international workshop held in December 1994 in Calcutta. It includes discussions on housing policies and strategies, housing supply, finance and other related issues. Available from: Centre for Built Environment, 2/5 Sarat Bose Road, Calcutta - 700 020, India.

Gunaratna, K. Locana et al. Shelter in Sri Lanka 1978-91: an overview of policies and performance. Colombo: National Housing Development Authority, 1991. (SEVANATHA)

This book summarises and provides a broad overview of Sri Lankan policies, strategies and achievements in housing. The focus is on the dynamics in the main trends and on the handling of internal contradictions. It discusses two time frames to look at housing programmes: covering pre-independence and post-independence and the other during 1984-89, including the role of government. It also includes the trends and challenges and a bibliography.

Habitat Agenda and Istanbul Declaration: The Second United Nations Conference on Human Settlements. Istanbul, Turkey, 3-14 June 1996. New York: United Nations Department of Public Information, 1996. 190p. (AP2000)

This is edited and official version of the agenda of Habitat II and the Istanbul Declaration, the United Nations Conference on Human Settlements at II held at Istanbul, Turkey, June. 3 to 14, 1996.

Hassan, Arif. Housing Crisis in Central Asia. Karachi: City Press, 1997. 221 p. (ACHR/AP2000).

In 1995, The Asian Coalition for Housing Rights (ACHR) was requested to provide technical assistance and advice to the Central Asian and foreign NGOs for their housing-rights-related activity in Almaty and Bishkek, the capitals of Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan respectively. Two ACHR missions, of which the author was a member, visited Almaty and Bishkek in 1996 and 1997. Part one of this book consists of the mission reports that analyse the housing situation in the two Central Asian republics and propose ways of initiating processes that can lead to the development of community-managed housing and infrastructure projects. The author's travel notes form the second part of the book which describe people and places. It gives an interesting account of how people feel and think, what their aspirations and problems are, how they view the changes that have taken place in Central Asia after the disintegration of the Soviet Union and how these changes have affected their lives. This book tries to give a better understanding about housing situation in Central Asian states.

Health Principles of Housing. Geneva: World Health Organization, 1989. 44p. (ACHR)

The document discusses the relationship between housing and health, setting out eleven key principles. These principles cover the linkagess between health and people's habitation and living conditions. It also looks at the public health approaches needed to ensure that maximum health benefit is obtained from housing improvements. If these principles are adapted appropriately for local conditions and situations, they can serve as a checklist of problems to be tackled by health authorities and others involved in social development. Available from: Publications Division, WHO, Appia Avenue, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland.

"Homing Hopes: housing finance industry", Chartered Financial Analyst, Jan. 1997. pp.51-60. (YUVA)

This issue spotlights housing finance industry in India dealing with the boom in the housing industry, housing regulations, loans and housing finance companies. Available from: Chartered Financial Analyst, ICFAI, 10-1-126, Asoka Plaza, Masab Tank X-Roads, Hyderabad -500 028, India.

HSD Student Research Summary 1975-1992. HSD Reference Material No.26. Bangkok: Asian Institute of Technology, 1993. 330p. (AIT)

This is a compilation of the collective research summaries of student research projects completed in the Human Settlements Division of AIT from 1975 to 1992. They are grouped into Doctoral Dissertation, Master's Thesis, Research Study and Diploma Program Special Study in the field of human settlements and development. Available from: AIT, GPO Box 2754, Bangkok 10501, Thailand.

Human Settlements in Asia and the Pacific. Human Settlements Information Kit. 2nd ed. Bangkok: UN/ESCAP, 1993. 11 leaflets. (HSU- ESCAP)

These leaflets give background information for the Mission Statement in the field of human settlements, evolution of the concept, current trends and statistics in urban growth, shelter, services and environment for the urban poor and land issues. They also contain government responses to shelter to the year 2000, enabling policies, some innovative approaches, list of ESCAP activities in the area human settlements and list of ESCAP publications. Available from: Publications Division, ESCAP, United Nations Building, Rajadamnern Avenue, Bangkok 10200, Thailand.

The Istanbul Declaration and the Habitat Agenda with Subject Index. Nairobi: UNCHS (Habitat) 1997. 172p. (YUVA)

This book contains both the Istanbul Declaration and the Habitat Agenda adopted at the United Conference on Human Settlements (Habitat II) at Istanbul, Turkey, Jun 3-14, 1996. It contains an alphabetical subject index to facilitate easy and quick reference to any issue of specific interest. Available from: UNCHS (Habitat), P. O. Box 30030, Nairobi, Kenya.

Legal Provisions on Housing Rights: international and national approaches. COHRE Booklet Series No.4. Utrecht: Centre on Housing Rights and Evictions, 1994. 87p. (AP2000/YUVA)

This document deals primarily with international and national legal resources of housing rights. It also includes a comprehensive listing of all national constitutions which contain housing rights provisions and other excerpts from several national laws outlining the positive dimensions the law can take when supported by popular pressure. Available from: COHRE, 8 Gustav Moynier, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland.

Legal Sources of the Right to Housing in International Human Rights Law. Utrecht: Centre on Housing Rights and Evictions, 1992. 21p. (YUVA)

First in the series of COHRE publications, it is aimed at increasing public awareness about how housing rights can be transformed into reality. This booklet lists International Conventions and Covenants, International Declarations, Regional Human Rights Instruments, U.N. Resolutions, constitutional sources of housing rights and other relevant documents. Available from: COHRE, 8 Gustav Moynier, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland.

McAuslan, Patrick. Urban Land and Shelter for the Poor. London: Earthscan, 1985. 143p. (AIT)

The book examines ways in which nations hold, sell, finance, tax, administer, control and publicly acquire and allocate urban land. It also looks at how all these activities affect who is housed, where and how. The provision of safe, legal urban land for the poor to live on is a crucial problem facing city administrators most. The author argues that housing is the best indicator of the city's functioning. Available from: Earthscan, 3 Endsleigh Street, London WC1HODD, United Kingdom.

Miraftab, Faranak. Women's Empowerment: participation in shelter strategies at the community level in urban informal settlements. Nairobi: UNCHS (Habitat) 1996. 119p (YUVA)

This manual is prepared by the UNCHS (Habitat) Women and Human Settlements Development Programme as a means of making the participation of women in shelter more visible. It contains a questionnaire as well as a guide about how to implement the survey and analyse the data gathered through the use of a series of indicators. It includes key indicators and procedures for their use. The objective of the research is to help the survey team and women in communities understand their situation vis-a-vis that of men, and think of ways in which that situation can be improved. Available from:UNCHS (Habitat), P.O.Box 30030, Nairobi, Kenya.

Mukherjee, Dhurjati and Rabial Mallik. Housing for the Urban Poor: challenge and response. Calcutta: Christian Institute for the Study of Religion and Society, 1996. 117p. (AP2000)

This publication presents a cross section of relevant views and experiences on the problems of the urban poor, especially housing. It contains selected papers presented at the Indian national convention on urban poor held in March 1996. It includes two critiques on the national report, which was to be presented at the Habitat II conference. The main thrust of the publication is to show that there are many imaginative approaches to deal with the country's housing problems to make it more livable and sustainable. Available from: CISRS, 14/2 Sudder Street, Calcutta, India.

Mukoko, Samba and Rimadewi Supriharjo. Low-income Housing in Growing Urban Economies: a case study of Surabaya, Indonesia. Nagoya (Japan): UN Centre for Regional Development, 1996, 107p. (SEVANATHA)

This is part of the research project "Urban Environmental management in Asia: Strengthening Capabilities at the Local Level". The publication documents the innovative and enabling strategies for shelter development and improvement in the city of Surabaya in Indonesia. It demonstrates that a great deal of resource saving can be achieved through working with the local communities in urban environmental improvement programmes. It also demonstrates the role of appropriate forms of land tenure for shelter upgrading programmes in developing countries. It reconfirms the necessity of an integrated approach in human settlement development to promote sustainable land- use planning and management and reduce the waste resulting from unplanned and environmentally non-viable housing development for low- income people. Available from: UNCRD, Nagono 1-47-1, Nakamura-ku, Nagoya 450, Japan.

National Experiences with Shelter Delivery for the Poorest Groups. Nairobi: United Nations Commission for Human Settlements (Habitat), 1994. 122p. (HSU-ESCAP)

This report deals with the problems of the poor in their struggle for shelter, and specifically addresses the issue of how current shelter policies are leaving the poor out of the shelter- delivery processes. The report includes brief descriptions of successful projects shelter improvement for the poor. It is based on national experiences from India, Indonesia, Mexico and Nigeria. Also included are discussions of the shelter situation of the poor and on policies and strategies for betterment. Available from: UNCHS (Habitat), PO Box 30030, Nairobi, Kenya.

A New Perspective on Settlements in the 21st Century, No.4. Yokohama Housing and Architecture Bureau, City of Yokohama, 1995. 80p. (SEVANATHA)

This newsletter addresses the problems associated with the improvement of the residential environment, mainly in developing countries. These issues introduce the personal profile of Jorge Anzorena who was awarded the Magsaysay prize for International Understanding, and his article "The Provision of Shelter: learning from NGO". It also includes an article outlining the new training programme for Building Networks and Partnerships by ACHR and a unique housing development project of Khuda ki Basti in Hyderabad, Pakistan. Available from: Private Housing Division, Housing and Architecture Bureau, City of Yokohama, 1-1 Minato-cho, Naka-ku, Yokohama 231, Japan.

Prasetiyo, Gatut. "Equitable Housing Development 1:3:6 by REI SURABAYA (Indonesia)". Paper prepared for the Global Forum 94 in Manchester (England), 24-28 June 1994. (SEVANATHA)

The paper briefly explains the importance of equitable housing development within the context of realising the concept "sustainable development". It gives a description of the situation in Surabaya and the working of the Real Estate Indonesia (REI), a professional organisation of estate businessmen, housing developers in Jakarta.

Report and Proceedings of the ESCAP/CityNet High-Level Policy Seminar on Shelter for the Urban Poor: Interface between Governmental and Non-governmental Sectors. Bangkok: UN-ESCAP/CityNet, 1994. 46p. (CityNet)

Discusses cooperative strategies for local governments, NGOs and community groups. This report includes conference papers. Available from: CityNet Secretariat, 5F, International Organisations Centre, Pacifico-Yokohama, 1-1-1 Minato Mirai, Nishi-ku, Yokohama, Japan 220.

Report on the Asian Regional Consultation for Habitat II: Financing Habitat for the Urban Poor. April 12-14 1996. Manila, PAG-IBIG Fund. 60p. (SEVANATHA)

This is a report of the regional preparatory conference organised by the Philippines National Executive Committee for Habitat II and the Home Development Mutual Fund, in coordination with the Urban Management Programme of the UNDP/UNCHS/World Bank and the ECO-HAB International Foundation. It focuses on the issue of housing finance, a significant component in shelter provision. It seeks to contribute a distinctly Asian regional perspective to housing finance for the urban poor to the City Summit's global agenda. The presentations and discussions highlighted models of partnerships among different sectors for more effective resource mobilisation and investment.

Rodwin, Lloyd, ed. Shelter, Settlement and Development. Boston: Allen and Unwin, 1987. 475p. (HSU-ESCAP)

This study was commissioned by UNCHS to evaluate shelter, settlement and development policies and programmes in Third World countries based on extensive research and advisory experience. Traditional concepts, such as the appropriate roles of the public and private sectors, are challenged. New ideas are introduced on many subjects. These range from spatial strategies to land policy, from shanty town settlements to infrastructure standards and construction obstacles, and from the intricacies of housing finance to accumulating evidence on household behaviour and preferences. There is a special focus on the necessary learning processes so that whatever action is taken is likely to be self-correcting in the light of subsequent experience, reflection and changing circumstances. Available from: Unwin Hyman, 8 Winchester Place, Winchester, MA 01890, USA.

"Shelter and Cities" in The Survey of the Environment 1996. The Hindu, 1996. pp.5-125. (ACHR)

Contains a survey of 14 cities in India where housing is a severe problem. Includes the following articles: 1. Housing for Urban Poor: shouldn't society care – Shirish B.Patel 2. Right to Housing: for a Secure Shelter – Jai Sen 3. Housing Standards: who should decide norms? – Sheela Patel 4. Urban Renewal: conserving city centres – P.T. Krishnan 5. Conservation: labyrinth mess – Elias Koshy 6. Conservation: district character under siege – A Srivathsan 7. Slum Resettlement: when imposition fails – Meera Bapat 8. Shelter for all: an achievable dream – T. Karunakaran

Shelter – From Projects to National Strategies: International Year of Shelter. Nairobi: United Nations Commission for Human Settlements (Habitat), 1990. 184p. (HSU-ESCAP)

This publication is a brief description of the activities, experiences and achievements of the various governments participating in the International Year of Shelter for the Homeless (IYSH). It covers the objectives and programmes of IYSH, and gives an overview of national action and progress for formulation of new or revised shelter policies and strategies, and also specific examples of implementation. Available from: UNCHS (Habitat), PO Box 30030, Nairobi, Kenya.

Shidlo, Gil, ed. Housing Policy in Developing Countries. London: Routledge, 1990. 240p.(ACHR)

Discusses housing in India, and includes observations on the government's intervention policies by K.P. Bhattacharya from the period prior to independence to the late 1980. It also contains a chapter on housing development and reform in China by Joochul Kim. Available from: Routledge, 11 Fetter Lane, London EC4P 4EE, United Kingdom.

Skinner, Reinhard J., John L. Taylor and Emiel A. Wegelin, eds. Shelter Upgrading for the Urban Poor: evaluation of Third World experience. Nairobi/Rotterdam/Manila: UNCHS/Institute of Housing Studies/Island Publishing House, 1987. 261p. (ACHR/Lumanti)

Brings together the emerging experience with the evaluation of shelter upgrading approaches. It contains case studies that depict a wide range of upgrading situations from across Asia, Africa and Latin America. It also presents experiences in Asia from Baldia (Karachi), Calcutta, Jakarta, Metro Manila, Ashok Nagar (Madras). Available from: UNCHS, PO Box 30030, Nairobi, Kenya, or Island Publishing House, Sta Mesa, PO Box 406, Manila, Philippines.

Squatter-Free Urban Development. Nairobi: UNCHS (Habitat), 1996. 16p. (YUVA)

This is a report of the panel discussion on the possibility and sustainability of squatter-free urban development during the HABITAT Conference at Istanbul, Turkey, in June 1996. Available from: UNCHS (Habitat), P.O.Box 30030, Nairobi, Kenya,

Struk, Raymond J. Assessing Housing Needs and Policy Alternatives in Developing Countries. Urban Institute Report 88-4. Washington DC: The Urban Institute Press, 1988. 121p. (ACHR)

This report describes a model for developing alternative policies by determining housing needs in developing countries and discusses their applications. Available from: Urban Institute Press, 2100 M Street N.W., Washington D.C. 20037, USA.

Suri, Promila. Urban Poor: their housing needs and government response. New Delhi: Har-Anand Publications, 1994. 293p. (AIT)

This study gives an insight into the problems of housing of the urban poor and the solutions to housing problems. Available from: Har-Anand Publications, 364-A Chirag Delhi, New Delhi - 110 017, India.

UNCHS (Habitat). A Human Rights Resource Packet: linking issues of sustainable human settlements to existing human rights norms and standards. New York: People's Decade for Human Rights Educations, 1997. Var. page. (YUVA)

These materials give a holistic view of human rights as they relate to sustainable human settlements. They outline the commitments made in Istanbul, Cairo, Copenhagen, Bejing and Rio.They further underline the importance of linking the experiences on the ground with the rights stated in international human rights documents and with the established understanding of customary law. Available from: PDHRE, 526 W 111th Street, Suite 4E, New York, NY 10025.

UNCHS (HABITAT). An Urbanizing World: global report on human settlements, 1996. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1996. 559p. ( YUVA)

This report contains a comprehensive review of conditions and trends in cities and settlements around the world and of the urbanisation process through which more than half the world's population will soon live in urban centres. The book shows how the growth in urban poverty has been underestimated and describes what is being done to address the problems of poor housing and environmental degradation. The book recommends the need for good governance in cities and describes how cities have great potential to combine healthy and safe living conditions, cultural riches and environmental advantages. It also provides illustrative case studies of cities where poverty, very poor housing conditions and lack of basic services have been tackled, environmental performance improved and dependence on motor cars reduced. The book is presented in four parts: I – Conditions and Trends with perspectives on population and development, and social, environmental and institutional conditions and trends; II – Inside Human Settlements dealing with housing, land use, settlement planning, infrastructure and services; III – Responses to conditions and trends dealing with settlements planning and management, housing and basic services, housing finance; and IV – recommends new directions for human settlements. Lastly, it also includes a statistical annex. Available from: Oxford University Press, Walton Street, Oxford OX2 6DP, United Kingdom.

Von Rabenau, Burkhard. Issues in Housing Development. Kathmandu: GTZ/UDLE, 1990. 61p. (Lumanti)

This paper looks at several policy issues including rental housing , squatter settlements, the potentaial for long-term finance and the future of Nepal's Department of Housing and Urban Development (DHUD) as an agency active in project development and policy formulation. Available from: Urban Development Through Local Efforts, New Baneshwar, P.O.Box 1457, Kathmandu, Nepal.

What Should We Lobby For: the laws, programs and policies people's groups and NGOs should work for in the field of land and housing. Manila: Partnership of Philippines Support Services Agencies and Urban Poor Associates, 1995. 47p. (ACHR)

This pamphlet presents the deliberations of the Urban Colloquium which discussed its position on basic issues such as land pricing and markets, demolition, evictions and relocation and community organising approaches. Available from: Urban Poor Associates, 14A Manhattan, Cubao, Quezon City, Metro Manila, Philippines.

Slum and Squatter Settlements

Basti Movement in Calcutta: housing struggle of basti dwellers in the 1950s in Calcutta. Calcutta: Unnayan, 1992. 137p. (ACHR)

The report documents the housing struggle by slum dwellers in Calcutta through interviews. It gives a history of state policies and views on bastis (squatter settlements) and the conditions prevalent in the bastis at the time of their struggle. It gives a detailed account of the movement covering over a decade, its different phases on the basis of different issues, and the role and involvement of political parties. It includes the resettlement efforts of the government to rehouse the basti dwellers. The report examines why the movement died and what it achieved in securing housing rights. Available from: Unnayan, 36/1A Garcha Road, Calcutta 700 019, India.

Battle for Housing Rights in Korea: report of the South Korea Project of the Asian Coalition for Housing Rights. Bangkok/Penang: ACHR/Third World Network, 1989. 72p. (ACHR)

Documents the battle against evictions in South Korea where evictions by force in the name of the City Redevelopment Programme are most brutal and inhuman. The South Korea project aims to stop the brutal eviction and bring world attention to the whole issue of housing in a new light: as an absolute necessity and a fundamental right for human existence. This report also includes the report of the Fact-Finding Mission which visited Seoul in 1988. Available from: ACHR, 102 P. Del Rosario Ext., Cebu City 6000, Philippines; or ACHR, Soi Sonthiwattana 4, Ladprao Road 110, Ladprao, Bangkok, 10310, Thailand.

Bibliography on Housing Rights and Evictions. CHORE Booklet Series 2. Utrecht: CHORE, 1993. 47p. (YUVA)

This bibliography provides an overview of the information available with housing rights and forced evictions to expand access to this literature. The sources included are limited to documents which have attempted to relate their analysis to the framework of housing as a human right. It includes issues such as homelessness, human rights, low-income housing, housing settlements and displacement.Available from: CHORE, 8 Gustav Moynier, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland.

Bijlani, H. U. and Prodipto Roy, eds. Slum Habitat: Hyderabad slum improvement project. New Delhi: Har-Anand Publications and Vikas, 1991. 220p. (AIT)

This study is based in a General Household Survey of about 400 households to ascertain household response to family planning, schools, immunisation and other activities under the Slum Improvement Programmes. A special feature of the study was the assessment of the Employment Loan Scheme. The study is aimed at systematic evaluation of slum upgradation projects. Available form: Vikas Publishing House, 576 Masjid Road, Jangpura, New Delhi 110 014, India.

Birdi, H.D. Slum Law and Urbanisation New Delhi: Vidhi Publishing, 1995, 325p. (AIT)

The book highlights the process of urbanisation in India and in the developed countries of the world. It includes a comparative study of the slum law in various states in India, in the United Kingdom, Scotland and other developed counties. Available from: Standard Book Company, 125 Municipal Market, Super Bazar Compound, Connaught Place, New Delhi 110001, India.

Cairncross, Sandym Jorge E. Hardoy and David Satterwaite. The Poor Die Young: housing and health in Third World cities. London: Earthscan, 1990. 309p. (AIT)

This book describes the ways in which problems of ill-health in squatter settlements can be solved or alleviated quickly and cheaply. The problems pertain to overcrowded housing, unsafe water, bad sanitation and non-availability if health care. Available form: Earthscan, 3 Endsleigh Street, London WC1 HODD, United Kingdom.

Fernandes, Kenneth, comp & ed. Eviction Watch Asia _ Draft Report 1996 on Forced Eviction and Housing Rights Abuses in Asia. Bangkok: ACHR, 1997. (YUVA)

It documents incidences of forced evictions in Asia and shows how substandard living conditions of the urban poor deny them a basic right to decent life. The report gives greater understanding of evictions and its consequences, and hopes that effective action would be taken to prevent them. Available from: ACHR, 73 Soi Sonthiwattana 4, Ladprao Road 110, Ladprao, Bangkok 10310, Thailand.

A Global Survey of Forced Evictions: violations of human rights. Mexico: Habitat International Coalition, 1992,14p. (SEVANATHA)

Paper presented at the 48th Session of the Commission on Human Rights, gives an overview of forced evictions in Brazil, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, India, Israel, Kenya, Malaysia, Morocco, Myanmar, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Panama, Papua New Guines, Philippines, South Africa, South Korea, Sudan, Thailand, Tibet, Vietnam, U. S. A. and Zimbabwe. Available form: HIC, Cordobanes, No. 24, Col. San Jose Insurgents, Mexico DF 03900.

Hardoy, Jorge E. and David Satterwaite. Squatter Citizens: life in the urban Third World. London: Earthscan Publications, 1989. 374p. (AIT)

This book challenges many common assumptions about the urban Third World _ for example, that urban citizens live in very large cities and that cities are growing rapidly, or that city dwellers benefit from `urban bias' in government and aid policies. This book is about squatter citizens and the problems they face in their struggle for survival. It deals with the following issues: housing, urban growth, government response to tenements and squatter settlements, new attitudes and policies for housing, environment problems at home, workplace and neighbourhood, and dimensions of urban change. Available form: Earthscan, 3 Endsleigh Street, London WC1HODD, United Kingdom.

Hasan, Arif. Manual for Rehabilitation Programme for Informal Settlements Based on the Orangi Pilot Project Model. Karachi: OPP-RTI, 1992. 158p. (SEVANATHA)

The purpose of this manual is to assist architects and planners in developing effective projects for rehabilitating low-income informal settlements. It is based on the methodology used and lessons learnt from upgrading the neighbourhoods and improving the lives of residents of Orangi (the largest squatter settlement in Karachi). It gives details of the project plan and operation, expansion of project activities and its specific programmes such as sanitation, health, housing and urban spaces programmes. Available form: Orangi Pilot Project _ Research and Training Institute (OPP-RIT) for Development of Katchi Abadis, 1-D/26 Daulat House, Orangi Township, Karachi, Pakistan.

Hashim, Mohammed Nasir. Urban Pioneers: the struggle for justice Kuala Lumpur: Daya Komunikasi, 1996. 63p.

This booklet is based on the experiences of the urban settlers in Malaysia who refer to themselves as urban pioneers. It documents the recognition of the history of rural-urban migration in the wake of industrialisation in Malaysia and steering away from the negative connotations implicit in common references such as squatters and slum dwellers. It examines the actions of both the dwellers and the urban settlers in dealing with disputes over `land allocated for development'. It comprehensively covers the action and the role of politicians, the mass media, lawyers, police and government agencies; the strengths of urban pioneers; negotiations processes and agreements in an attempt to document an often-unrecognised struggle within a national developmental context. Available from: UMP-Asia, Urban Management Programme, Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific, P. O. Box 12224, 50770 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

Igel, Barbara. The Economy of Survival in the Slums of Bangkok. Studies on human settlements development in Asia. Research Report 27. Bangkok: Asian Institute of Technology, 1992. 42p. (ACHR)

The report represents a summary of three chapters dealing with the urban section of a greater research study on the survival economy of poor population groups in Thailand. The research was conducted in seven slum areas in Bangkok and Chahoengsaro, and two villages in Buriram, as part of a dissertation at the International Economics Division, Frieie University, Berlin, Germany in 1989. Available form: Division of Human Settlements Development, Asian Institute of Technology (AIT), G. P. O. Box 2754, Bangkok 10501, Thailand.

Jayaratne, K. A. Case Study on Land Tenure Regularisation in Wanathamulla Squatter Upgrading Projects. Colombo: National Housing Development Authority, 1987. (SEVANATHA)

This paper focuses on the experience gathered by the Project Team at the Wanathamulla Squatter Upgrading Project in the tenurial regularisation and lot allocation process. It describes the process of community involvement in on-site planning and tenure regularisation.

Leckie, Scott. Destruction by Design: housing rights violation in Tibet. Geneva: Centre on Housing Rights and Evictions, 1994. 199p. (ACHR)

The book offers an alternative approach for Tibet's future development which, in contrast to the present, firmly entrenches the rights of Tibetans to participate in and control their nation's economic, social and political development leading ultimately to the full protection of housing rights. This report represents evidence that the Chinese government has systematically violated the housing rights of the Tibetan people through a series if acts and omissions, resulting in several distinct infringements, including racial discrimination in the housing sphere; housing demolitions and forced evictions (both past and pending); increased levels of homelessness; undue restrictions on residency and residential options; the active perpetuation of housing insecurity and inadequate living conditions; the selective and inequitable public housing investment; restrictions on the right to popular participation in planning, design and other housing-oriented decisions by dwellers; and the expropriation of housing, sometimes as a punitive measure. It also includes recommendations to the Chinese government to halt eviction, and legal complaint procedures under international law. Available from: CHORE, 8 Gustav Moynier, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland.

Manandhar, Ramesh and Misty Baloiloi, eds. Squatter Settlements Conference Proceedings, 1-2 July 1989. Mimeo. Lae: the Papua New Guinea University of Technology, 1990. 109p. (ACHR)

Proceedings of a national conference included the participation of squatters, landowners, government officials and representatives of international agencies and NGOs. The papers presented are on government policies and programmes, land and squatters' social problems, women in squatter settlements, and experiences of Bangladesh, Korea, Philippines and Thailand. It also includes papers by participants on problems faced by squatters, and suggestions for alternative policies, landowners' perspectives and discussions. Available from: PNG University of Technology, Private Mail Bag, Lae, Papua New Guinea.

Murphy, Denis and Minar Pimple. Eviction Watch Asia: forced evictions and housing rights abuses in Asia. Manila: Asian Coalition for Housing Rights/Urban Poor Associates, 1995. 104p. (ACHR)

This is the first formal report of Eviction Watch Asia. The report describes suffering caused by forced evictions which range from 100,000 to 300,000 urban poor families a year in Asia. It also gives examples of how the poor resist evictions and how they organise themselves to take part in urban decision making processes. The report covers evictions in Bangladesh, Burma, Cambodia, China, Hong Kong, Indonesia, India, Korea, Malaysia, Nepal, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Philippines and Thailand. Available from: ACHR, 73 Soi Sonthiwattana 4, Ladprao Road 110, Ladprao, Bangkok, Thailand; or Urban Poor Associates, 14A Manhattan, Cubao, Quezon City, Metro Manila, Philippines.

Murphy, Denis. The Urban Poor – Land and Housing. Bangkok: ACHR/HIC. 1993. 91p. (AP 2000/ACHR)

This study on Bangkok's housing problems for the urban poor analyses the physical problems of Bangkok's slums and the underlying social and psychological aspects of the community, and also the question of land tenureship and rental system. Available from: ACHR, 73 Soi Sonthiwattana 4, Ladprao Road 110, Ladprao, Bangkok, Thailand.

Pornchokchai, Supon. Bangkok Slums: review and recommendations. Bangkok: Agency for Real Estate Affairs (AREA), 1992. 184p (HSU-ESCAP)

This study on Bangkok's housing problems for the urban poor analyses the physical problems of Bangkok's slums and the underlying social and psychological aspects of the community, and also the question of land tenureship and rental system. Available from: AREA, 99/395 Sri Pramote Nonsee Road, Yannawa, Bangkok 10120, Thailand.

Seong-Kyu Ha. Housing the Poor and Forced Evictions – the South Korean Experience. Seoul: Korea National NGOs and CBOs Forum on Habitat II, 1995. 16p. (SEVANATHA)

Contains information on urban housing situation in Korea and the problem of housing the poor. It discusses evictions and urban renewal programmes, and offers practical alternatives for urban poor communities and the role of CBOs and NGOs in Korea. Available form: KOCER, Soang University, ILM Building, #1 Shinsoo-gond, Mapo-Gu, Seoul 121 742, South Korea.

Urban Poor Housing and Voluntary Agencies: case studies in Bombay. New Delhi: Institute of Social Services, 1989. 72p. (YUVA)

This study is intended to examine the praxis of voluntary agencies in social action. The study included a local community where the voluntary agencies were involved. As urban housing was a major problem, it formed the main focus of the study. Available from: Institute of Social Studies, B-7/18 Safdarjang Enclave, New Delhi 110 029.

Urban Poor Housing Rights in South Korea and Hong Kong: fact-finding and assessment mission report. Bangkok: Asian Coalition for Housing Rights, 1991. 83p. (ACHR)

The Fact-Finding Mission on Urban Poor Housing Rights in South Korea and Hong Kong, September 7-18, 1990, examined the conditions of housing for urban and interviewed squatter people, and government officials. This report includes recommendations of the Mission. Available form: ACHR, 73 Soi Sonthiwattana 4, Ladprao Road 110, Ladprao, Bangkok, Thailand.

Yami, Hisila and Steven L. Mikesell, eds. The Issues of Squatter Settlements in Nepal. Kathmandu: Concerned Citizen Group of Nepal, 1990. 111p. (ACHR)

Proceedings of a national seminar held in February 1990, which discussed problems and solutions of urban squatter settlements in Nepal.

Community Participation

Albee, Alana and Nandasiri Gamage. Our Money, Our Movement: building a poor people's credit union. London: intermediate Technology Publications, 1996. 46 pp. (AP2000).

Credit and savings mechanisms are increasingly becoming a powerful tool in development, but many initiatives are only now aimimg for the ownership of these mechanisms to be in the hands of the borrowers themselves. Women's Credit Union in Sri Lanka shows how the poor women manage and control financial services. While describing the working of the Union, the book also includes women's potrayal of their lives and their efforts to overcome poverty. Available from: Intermediate Technology Publications Ltd., 102/105 Southampton Row, London WCIB 4HH, United Kingdom.

Badshah, Akhtar. Our Urban Future. London/New Jersey: Zed Books Ltd, 1996. 220 p. (AP2000)

In recent years, new approaches to urban planning and development have generated some optimism that the failure of earlier strategies to address the overwhelming problems entailed can be overcome. In this book, the author seeks out those innovative approaches that have actually worked in various large cities in India, Pakistan, Egypt, Indonesia and elsewhere. His aim is to identify effective urban practices that are socially equitable, ecologically sustainable, economically viable and replicable. All of them share a commitment to the genuine participation of the poor in the urban development process, starting right from the planning and design stages. They also tackle issues of housing and shelter holistically, recognising the need to improve urban environments overall in terms of infrastructure, services and income-generating opportunities. This up-to-date presentation of some of the most fruitful current approaches to tackling urban problems vividly illustrates the effectiveness of partnership between urban dwellers, non-governmental organisations, private investors and local authorities in tackling the problems of the urban poor.

Catalogue of Training and Information Tools on Community Participation in Human Settlements. Nairobi: UNCHS (Habitat), 1992. 55p. (Lumanti)

Training material to support the practical application of community participation as a technique for carrying out shelter activities at the local levels. It contains 48 items of training materials. The catalogue is composed of loose sheets with informa tion such as specific training tool, name of producer, description of its contents and purpose, and an appraisal of use. Available from: UNCHS (Habitat), P.O.Box 30030, Nairobi, Kenya.

Community Action Planning. CAP Workshop Module Guideline Series. Colombo: UNCHS/Danida/National Housing Development Authority and Ministry of Housing, Construction and Public Utilities, 1994. (Lumanti)

Contains five booklets: 1) Maintenence of Common Amenties, 13p. (2) Formation of Community Development Councils, 15p. (3) Community-based Monitoring and Evaluation of Settlement Improvement, 22p. (4) Making Micro Plans for Community Improvement, 24p. (5) Land Regularisation and Blocking Out, 18p.

Community Leadership and Self-Help Housing. Nairobi: INCHS (Habitat), 1988. 50p. (Lumanti)

Discusses the role of community leadership within low-income urban settlements. Available from: UNCHS (Habitat), P.O.Box 30030, Nairobi, Kenya

Community Participation Series  – Training Modules. Nairobi: UNCHS (Habitat), 1986. (Lumanti)

This is a set of nine training modules for community participation: 1. Low-cost Drainage, 1986, 59p. 2. Low-cost Sanitation, 1986, 81p. 3. Execution of Squatter Settlement Upgrading Projects, 1985, 44p. 4. Road Planning in Squatter Settlement Upgrading, 1983, 56p. 5. How People can afford shelter, 1988, 52p. 6. Sites and Services Schemes: the scope for community participation, 1984, 44p. 7. The Role of Women in the Execution of Low-Income Housing Projects, 1986, 64p. 8. Mutual-Aid House Construction Through Building Groups, 1986, 47p. 9. Water Supply in Low-income Housing Projects: the scope for community participation, 1989, 60p. Available from: UNCHS (Habitat), P.O.Box 30030, Nairobi, Kenya.

Gopalan, Prema. Learning Exchanges: a tool for women's collectives to access resources. Mimeo Bombay: Swayam Shikshan Prayog, 1996. 4p. (AP2000)

This paper aims to share insights from collective learning strategies initiated by Swayam Shikshan Prayog (SSP) – a self-education network of organisations and women's groups in India. The paper documents the experiences of organisations and community groups in their struggles to gain access and control over resources such as credit, land, housing and basic services.Available from: SSP, SPARC, PO Box 9398, Bombay – 400 026, India.

Human Settlements Development through Community Participation. Nairobi: UNCHS (Habitat), 1991. 59p. (Lumanti)

This publication presents an assessment of experiences gained with the Community Participation Training Programme conducted by UNCHS (Habitat). It contains examples of effective amd practical cooperation between the public sector and poor urban communities. Available from: UNCHS (Habitat), P.O.Box 30030, Nairobi, Kenya

Manandhar, Ramesh. Self Reliance in Small Communities. New Delhi: Oxford/IBH, 1992. 439p. (Lumanti)

This book examines the question of sustainable development and the choice of technology. The conventional notion of appropriate technology is questioned, based on field experiments of earth (roof) construction conducted in two countries. While the application of appropriate technology of earth roofing was found to be successful in a small town in Australia, similar attempts in Nepal led to many social, economic, technological, cultural and psychological problems. Instead, participatory action research process leading to the facilitation of indigenous technology systems of handloom, mat making is encouraged for community self-reliance. The book recommends innovative model for community self-reliance in developing countries based on Gandhian ideas. Available from: Oxford & IBH Publishing Company. Pvt. Ltd., 66 Janpath, New Delhi - 110 001. India.

Participatory Local Governance: LIFE's Method and Experience 1992-1997. Technical Advisory Paper 1. New York: United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), 1997. 123 p.

This UNDP technical advisory paper analyses processes, methods and experience of participatory local governance as demonstrated by the Local Initiative Facility for Urban Environment (LIFE), a global programme launched at the Earth Summit in 1992. It shares lessons and insights concerning the "local-local" dialogue of the local actors - the local authorities, the non-governmental organisations and the community-based organisations - in improving the living conditions in low-income urban communities in developing countries around the world.

Partnership for Local Action: A Sourcebook on Participatory Approaches to Shelter and Human Settlements Improvement for Local Government Officials. Bangkok: UNCHS (Habitat)/CityNet, 1997. 172 p. Recognising the important role of local governments in tackling people's problems, it became necessary to strengthen their capacities in dealing with human settlements issues in participatory way.

The Sourcebook identifies issues and case studies which illustrate how local authorities can respond to problems of urban poverty in a community-sensitive way. It provides a guide to a range of training materials and institutions available to assist local governments, and includes a bibliography. It also gives an overview of demographic, social, economic and environmental trends in Asian cities, a rationale for upgrading low-income settlements in cities, and includes a chapter on local authorities and the need for institutional reform and capacity building.

Promotion of Community-Managed Development Projects. Yokohama: CityNet, 1991. 33p. (CityNet)

This training manual discusses factors contributing to the

success of the Grameen Bank Project, Bangladesh and Orangi Pilot Project, Karachi, Pakistan. It contains study exercises for professional training in development projects management. Available from: CityNet Secretariat, 5F, International Organisations Centre, Pacifico-Yokohama, 1-1-1 Minato Mirai, Nishi-ku, Yokohama, Japan 220.

TAP/ACHR. Community-Based Habitat Processes in Sri Lanka: a report on the workshop held in Colombo, Sri Lanka on 11-21 Sept. 1995. Mimeo. Bangkok/Colombo: Asian Coalition for Housing Rights/Sevanatha/PSS, 1995. 29p. (ACHR)

The objective of the workshop was to provide opportunities for community development practitioners and promoters to study and discuss support-based housing programme and community processes in Sri Lanka. The workshop programme focused on four major community processes: community action plan methodology, community savings and credit: the Women's Bank, community-built sanitation project and community contracts for settlement development. The report covers the processes, discussions and the outcome of the workshop.Available from: ACHR, 73 Soi Sonthiwattana 4, Ladprao Road 110, Ladprao, Bangkok 10310, Thailand, or, Sevanatha Urban Resource Centre, 220/3 Nawala Road, Rajagriya, Sri Lanka.

Urban Poor as Agents of Development: Community Action Planning in Sri Lanka. Nairobi: UNCHS (Habitat), 1993. 88p. (Lumanti)

This publication aims to empower urban poor to improve their living conditions through self-help with external agencies acting as supporters and facilitators. It gives background information on housing in Sri Lanka, community action planning, economic support programme, case studies and statistics. Available from: UNCHS, PO Box 30030, Nairobi, Kenya

Yeung, Y.M and McGee, T.G., eds. Community Participation in Delivering Urban Services in Asia. Ottawa: IDRC, 1986. 279p. (AIT)

This volume presents the highlights of a five-country study involving Hong Kong, Indonesia, Korea, Malaysia and the Philippines. It attempts to provide information on the development and operation of a range of basic urban services based on the principle of self-help. Available from: International Development Research Centre, Box 8500, Ottawa, Canada K1G 3H9.

*Adapted from Menon, Lakshmi, comp. and ed. Understanding Urbanisations: A Sourcebook., with updates by AP2000 Secretariat.

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